Tax Credits Contingent Liabilities Brief July 31, 2008

The Tax Credits Contingent Liabilities Report was created by the Tax Research and Program Analysis Section of the Iowa Department of Revenue (IDR) for the benefit of the Revenue Estimating Conference (REC). This report is part of the Tax Credits Tracking and Analysis Program. The goal of the program is to provide a repository for information concerning the awarding, usage, and effectiveness of tax credits. This report forecasts tax credit claims assuming that all available awarded credits are issued and then, along with forecasted credits, are subsequently claimed

How Baywide Nutrient Trading Could Benefit Maryland Farms

Outlines pending legislation to improve the health of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, including a nutrient trading program that allows farms that reduce runoff of nutrients to below target to sell "credits." Estimates costs, credits, and credit revenue

Linkage and Multilevel Governance

Economic models of emissions trading implicitly assume a simple unitary governance structure, where a single regulator designs and enforces an emissions trading program. The Kyoto Protocol, however, employs a multilevel governance structure in which international, regional, national, sub-national, and even private actors have significant roles in designing and enforcing the trading program. Under this structure, international trading of credits requires complex linking of disparate regional, national, and subnational trading program. This paper describes the multilevel governance model employed in the Kyoto Protocol and then analyzes some of the problems this complexity creates for the project of creating an international market in environmental benefit credits to realize technology transfer benefits. This paper shows that multilevel governance creates costs that can interfere with technology transfer and free trade in credits. It concludes that rules sufficiently stringent to encourage technology transfer in the face of significant additionality problems will likely burden free trade in credits. Unfortunately, rules sufficiently relaxed to make international transactions simple and problem free will lack integrity and spawn non-additional credits greatly limiting the Kyoto Protocol\u27s potential as a technology transfer mechanism. The paper suggests that these governance complexities counsel against automatic embrace of linkage

The impact of the bank credits on the sustainable development of the real sector in the Republic of Moldova

The reformation and consolidation of the credit system is one of the factors that can stimulate national economic growth. In this context, the presentation is emphasizing the problems and proposals referring to the consolidation and sustainable development of the real sector through the bank credits. As well, it remarks the possibilities of decentralization of the national credit system, through the diversification of the types of credit institutions and financial products, both in urban and rural areas that could cover the financial necessities of all branches and spheres of the national economy.bank credits, real sector, interest rate, sustainable development, bad credits, volume of credits