Anthropological Differences between Contraception and Natural Family Planning

Almost twenty years ago, Pope John Paul II in his apostolic exhortation Familiaris Consortio called on scholars to study the anthropological and moral differences between the recourse to the natural rhythms of a woman’s menstrual cycle (i.e., natural family planning) and contraception (1). Although natural family planning (NFP) and contraception can both be used to prevent pregnancy, there are conspicuous differences between use of natural methods and contraception. Most people, however, have difficulty in distinguishing what the differences are and in understanding why some religious groups, health professionals, and other members of society consider contraception (but not natural family planning) immoral or problematic. As the title indicates, our focus will be more on anthropological than on moral differences. That is, we do not explicitly address the question, “What is the core criterion for judging the moral rightness or wrongness of contraception?” Nevertheless, our findings on the consequences of contraception and sterilization are quite relevant for moral judgments, even for those who use a consequentialist or proportionalist approach in morals. For example, how moral is it to treat a woman’s fertility/reproductive system as a disease or to alter or destroy it

Attitudes Toward Contraception Among Fourth Wave College-Aged Women

This research examines how college-aged women today view contraception in comparison to the ways it has been viewed by previous generations of women, as well as what they view the future of contraception in the United States to look like. This has been done through a lens of political action and advocacy, which has defined the fight for access to contraception and reproductive justice throughout history. In light of the recent threats on contraception and the corresponding responsive social movements, such as the Women’s March, women in the United States are shifting their views on the matter, but what actions are they taking?Reproductive health is highly politicized, yet college-aged/millennial women are not accustomed to an administration that attacks contraception and their access to it. In response to the current American political climate, we\u27ve seen an embracing of feminism in the mainstream media and feminist organization, such as the Women\u27s March, but have yet to see any policy change. The question this has led me to explore is whether or not attacks on access to contraception will politically mobilize and unite women. This research is based in interviews with women on the Gettysburg College campus and the analysis of data on racial, geographic, and class disparities in health care/access in order to understand the politicization of contraception in women\u27s lives

Understanding facilitators and barriers to contraception screening and referral in young women with cancer

BACKGROUND: Young women with cancer often worry about impaired fertility after treatment but can experience devastating consequences from an unplanned pregnancy during treatment. Contraception screening and referral appear to occur infrequently in cancer care. OBJECTIVES: We sought to understand oncologic providers’ current practices, perceptions of facilitators and barriers to screening for adequate contraception during cancer treatment, and to understand patient perspectives on these processes. METHODS: We interviewed 19 oncologic providers and 20 female reproductive-aged oncology patients stable on treatment or who had completed therapy within the last 24 months. We recruited participants from an urban, northeast medical center where they worked or received oncologic care. Semi-structured interview questions examined components of the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) framework, and subsequent constant comparative analysis identified similar themes. FINDINGS: Providers vary significantly in their current contraception screening practices with many focusing on diagnosing pregnancy rather than prevention. Providers identified many institutional and organizational barriers, including lack of education and lack of clear provider responsibility. Providers also identified resources and supports that would assist with contraception screening and referral, including education and enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration with gynecologic providers. Patients infrequently recalled contraception conversations with oncology providers and expressed challenges determining the most appropriate provider with whom to discuss contraception. CONCLUSION: Cancer centers should address barriers to contraception screening and referral locally in future implementation of contraception screening and referral. National organizations should work to develop guidelines to inform and support this process in clinical practice.2019-10-23T00:00:00

Emergency Contraception for Adolescents

Healthy Teen Network recommends that emergency contraception be treated as any other over-the-counter drug by pharmacies and be available over-the-counter without a prescription to adolescents. We encourage teaching adolescents, their parents, and health care providers about emergency contraception availability, use and effectiveness

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Pelayanan Kontrasepsi Intra Uterine Device (IUD) oleh Bidan di Kabupaten Kebumen

Universitas Diponegoro Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Program Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Konsentrasi Administrasi dan Kebijakan Kesehatan Minat Manajemen Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak 2013 ABSTRAK Kusumastuti Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Pelayanan Kontrasepsi Intra Uterine Device (IUD) oleh Bidan di Kabupaten Kebumen xviii + 120 halaman + 25 tabel + 4 gambar + 9 lampiran IUD merupakan salah metode kontrasepsi jangka panjang (MKJP) yang pemakaiannya masih di bawah target pemerintah Kabupaten Kebumen yaitu 11% . Pemerintah Kabupaten Kebumen telah mengadakan pelatihan Contraception Technology Update (CTU) bagi Bidan sehingga pemakaian KB IUD di Kabupaten Kebumen mengalami kenaikan pada bulan Juni tahun 2012 menjadi 6,57%. Namun tetap saja pemakaian kontrasepsi IUD masih di bawah target. Upaya kegiatan telah dilakukan pemerintah Kabupaten Kebumen namun belum menunjukkan hasil meningkatkan pelayanan kontrasepsi IUD. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis faktor–faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pelayanan kontrasepsi Intra Uterine Device (IUD) oleh Bidan di Kabupaten Kebumen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan pendekatan waktu cross sectional. Dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur pada 80 responden bidan di wilayah Kabupaten Kebumen. Analisa data dilakukan dengan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariate. Hasil penelitian ini adalah variabel pengetahuan, motivasi, akses, ketersediaan sumberdaya dan kebijakan dalam kategori baik, namun masih terdapat 40% bidan yang motivasinya kurang karena lebih memilih melayani kontrasepsi yang praktis, dan 31% tempat pelayanan responden tidak terdapat lembar balik. Variable pelayanan kontrasepsi IUD berhubungan dengan variabel pengetahuan bidan (p=0.037), motivasi bidan (p=0.045), dan ketersediaan sumberdaya (p=0.021), sedangkan variabel akses pelayanan (p=0.691) dan kebijakan (p=1.000) tidak berhubungan dengan pelayanan kontrasepsi Intra Uterine Device (IUD). Secara bersama-sama variabel motivasi bidan dan variabel ketersediaan sumberdaya berpengaruh terhadap pelayanan kontrasepsi Intrauterine Device (IUD) p≤ 0,05 dengan Exp.(B) > 2. Saran yang direkomendasikan adalah bidan lebih meningkatkan motivasinya dalam memberikan pelayanan KB yang lebih rasional dan mengadakan kembali pelatihan Teknologi Kontrasepsi Terkini (TKT) bagi bidan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kontrasepsi terutama IUD. Kata Kunci : Pelayanan Kontrasepsi IUD, CTU bagi Bidan Kepustakaan : 52 (1975 - 2012) Diponegoro University Faculty of Public Health Master’s Program in Public Health Majoring in Health Policy Administration Sub Majoring in Maternal and Child Health Management 2013 ABSTRACT Kusumastuti Analysis on Factors Related to the Practice of IUD Contraception Services by Mildwives in Kebumen District xviii + 120 pages + 25 tables + 4 figures + 9 enclosures Intra uterine device (IUD) was a long term contraception method (MKJP), and the coverage usage of IUD in Kebumen district was still below the government target, 11%. Kebumen district government had conducted contraception technology update (CTU) training for midwives, and in June 2012 the IUD acceptors in Kebumen district increased to become 6.57%. However, the increase of IUD acceptors was still below the target. Efforts have been conducted by Kebumen district government to increase IUD contraception service; however, the increase of IUD contraception service was not seen. Objective of this study was to analyze factors related to intra uterine device service behavior by midwives in Kebumen district. This was an observational study using analytical survey method with quantitative and cross sectional approach. Interviews were conducted to 80 midwives as respondents in Kebumen district and guided by structured questionnaire. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were applied in the data analysis. Results of the study showed that knowledge, motivation, access, availability of resources and policies were in a good category. However, there were 40% midwives with insufficient motivation, and they chose practical contraception service; 31% of respondents’ service rooms did not have flip charts. IUD contraception service was associated with knowledge of midwives (p= 0.037), midwives motivation (p= 0.045), and availability of resources (p= 0.021). Service access (p= 0.691) and policies (p= 1.000) were not associated with IUD contraception service. Midwives motivation and availability of resources jointly influenced IUD contraception service with p≤ 0.05 and Exp (B) > 2. Suggestions recommended in this study were that midwives should improve their motivation in implementing more rational family planning service, and conduct refreshing of up to date (TKT) contraception technology training for midwives to improve service quality specifically IUD. Key words : IUD contraception service, CTU for midwives Bibliography : 52 (1975-2012

BEBERAPA FAKTOR YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN PEMILIHAN TYPE ALAT KONTRSEPSI SUNTIK PADA IBU MENYUSUI DI KECAMATAN GENUK,BULAN JUNI 2003

Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sindhung (1999) menyebutkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan alat kontrasepsi diantaranya adalah Pengetahuan, Informasi, umur, Sosial ekonomi serta dukungan tohok masyarakat / keluarga. Hal ini sesuai dengan teori Green (1980) bahwa perilaku kesehatan termasuk didalamnya pemilihan alat kontrasepsi dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor yaitu faktor predisposing (Pengetahuan, sikap, Pendidikan, ekonomi keluarga), faktor-faktor pendukung (ketersediaan alat kesehatan, sumber informasi) serta faktor pendorong (dukungan keluarga/tokoh masyarakat) Jenis penelitian adalah explanatory survey dengan desain cross sectional study.Sampel penelitian diambil secara acak sederhana ( simple Random sampling ) dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 80 responden. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu menyusui yang menggunakan alat kontrasepsi suntik. Independent sampel t-test untuk menguji perbedaan ekonomi keluarga dengan pemilihan type alat kontrasepsi suntik, Uji Chi Square untuk menguji Variabel Pengetahuan, sikap, Ketersediaan alat kontrasepsi suntik dan dukungan keluarga, uji Mann Whitney untuk menguji perbedaan pendidikan dan sumber informasi dengan pemilihan type alat kontrasepsi suntik. analisa Univariat memberikan informasi bahwa (1) sebagian besar (60%) ibu menyusui mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik (2) Responen bersikap netral 78.8 % (3) Pendidikan formal terbanyak SLTA/sederajad 46.3% (4) Tingkat ekonomi 47.5 % termasuk golongan ekonomi menengah (5) Responden mendapat informasi terbanyak dari 3 sumber 37.5% (6)Ketersediaan Type alat kontrasepsi suntik tersedia 68.8 % (7) Dukungan keluarga 56.3% tidak mendukung (8) Responden yang memilih type alat kontrasepsi satu bulan 29 orang dan tiga bulan 51 orang. Dari hasil analisis perbedaan membktikan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara sikap, ekonomi keluarga, pendidikan, dukungan keluarga dengan pemilihan type alat kontrasepsi pada taraf signifikansi 5 % dan ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan,sumber informasi dan ketersediaan alat kontrasepsi dengan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi pada taraf signifikansi 5 %. Masih kurangnya dukungan keluarga ibu menyusui terhadap pemilihan type alat kontrasepsi (56.3%)maka saran dimaksudkan untuk dialkukan pendekatan dengan masyarakat agar bersedia mendukung gerakan KB dan para suami untuk lebih memperhatikan kesehatan Ibu dan Anak dengan mendukung Gerakan Program Suami SIAGA (Siap, Antar, Jaga). bagi Instansi terkait perlu dilakukan dilakukan pembinaan dan peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai penggunaan kontrasepsi bagi ibu menyusui serta KI mengenai pilihan alat kontrasepsi pada ibu menyusui perlu diprioritaskan pada (1)Kontrasepsi non hormonal;(2) Kontrasepsi yang hanya mengandung hormon progestin (3) Kontrasepsi oral yang mengandung Progestin denga Estrogen dosis rendah. Kata Kunci: Ibu menyusui, Type alat Kontrasepsi, Pemilihan alat Kontrsepsi SOME FACTORS WHICH DISTINGUISH TO DETERMINATED THE CHOICE OF CONTRACEPTION INJECTION TYPE UN MATHER BREASFEEDING IN GENUK SUB DISTRICT SEMARANG DISTRICT The research done by Siswosudarmo(2000)stated that the subject which had the change of their period in using a mont injection were smaller than the ones using three months injection.The choise of injection contraception for beastfeeding mother is very important for mother,s and baby,s health.While the factors influenced contraception equipment used are : knowledge,information,age,sosial-economics and also public figure supports or family.This case appropriated to Green(1980)that behaviour health including of contraception equipment selection influenced by 3 factors such as :ppredispocing (knowledge,attitude,education,family economics),enabling factors ( supplying health equipment and information sources)and also motivator factors (family support and public figure). This research is explanatory survey with cross sectional study design.Research,s samples take in simple random sampling with 80 respondents.The population of research are breastfeeding mother who use contraception equipment independent sample T-test to examine family economic differences with injection selection,Mann Whitney test use to evaluate education differences and information source with injection selection and Chi-Square test examine variabels such as : knowledge,attitude,supplying of injection contraception equipment ang family support. Univariat analysis give some information that (1) almost (60%) breastfeeding mother have good knowledge,(2)respondents in neutral attitude 78.8%,(3)respondents in formal education rate on senior high school/at level 46.3%,(4)economy degrees 47.5% is in middle economy class,(5)respondent get most information from 3 sources 37.5%,(6)supplying of contraception equipment type available 68.8%,(7)family support56.3% unmotivated,(8)respondent who choose injection contraception 36.2% and 63.7% in three months.From analysis result differences proof that there are no differences meaning among attitude,economics family,education,information soutces and family support with contraception equipment selection at significance standard 5%. Family support to breastfeeding mother of equipment contraception injection type still less (56.3%),so suggestion mean to approach public in order to ready supporting Family planning movement and for husbands to more care of mother and child health with supporting "Gerakan Program Suami SIAGA (Siap,Antar,Jaga)".For institution related need some efforts to bulid and increase knowledge about contraception using for brestfeeding mother and KIE about contraception equipment selection needmto be priority at (1) non hormonal contraceptional,(2)Contraceptional that only containts of progrestin hormone,(3)oral contraceptional contains of progestin white Estrogen low doses. Keyword: Breastfeeding mother,Injection equipment contraception type,Selection of injection equipment contraception typ

Contraception and health.

Increasing contraceptive use in developing countries has cut the number of maternal deaths by 40% over the past 20 years, merely by reducing the number of unintended pregnancies. By preventing high-risk pregnancies, especially in women of high parities, and those that would have ended in unsafe abortion, increased contraceptive use has reduced the maternal mortality ratio--the risk of maternal death per 100,000 livebirths--by about 26% in little more than a decade. A further 30% of maternal deaths could be avoided by fulfilment of unmet need for contraception. The benefits of modern contraceptives to women's health, including non-contraceptive benefits of specific methods, outweigh the risks. Contraception can also improve perinatal outcomes and child survival, mainly by lengthening interpregnancy intervals. In developing countries, the risk of prematurity and low birthweight doubles when conception occurs within 6 months of a previous birth, and children born within 2 years of an elder sibling are 60% more likely to die in infancy than are those born more than 2 years after their sibling

The Influence of Contraception, Abortion, and Natural Family Planning on Divorce Rates as Found in the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of contraception, abortion, and natural family planning (NFP) on divorce rates of US women of reproductive age. The variables of importance of religion and frequency of church attendance were also included in the analysis. The study involved 5,530 reproductive age women in the (2006–2010) National Survey of Family Growth who indicate that they were ever married. Among the women who ever used NFP only 9.6 percent were currently divorced compared with the 14.4 percent who were currently divorced among the women who never used NFP (x2 = 5.34, P \u3c 0.21). Odds ratio analysis indicated that ever having an abortion, sterilization, and/or methods of contraception increased the likelihood of divorce – up to two times. Frequency of church attendance decreased the risk of divorce. Although there is less divorce among NFP users the reason might be due to their religiosity. Lay summary: Providers of natural family planning (NFP) frequently mention that couples who practice NFP have fewer divorces compared to couples who use contraception. Evidence for this comment is weak. This study utilized a large data set of 5,530 reproductive age women to determine the influence that contraception, sterilization, abortion, and NFP has on divorce rates. Among the women participants who ever used NFP only 9.6 percent were currently divorced compared with the 14.4 percent who used methods of contraception, sterilization or abortion as a family planning method. Frequency of church attendance also reduced the likelihood of divorce