118,614 research outputs found

    HIV prevention in Mexican schools: prospective randomised evaluation of intervention.

    Get PDF
    OBJECTIVE: To assess effects on condom use and other sexual behaviour of an HIV prevention programme at school that promotes the use of condoms with and without emergency contraception. DESIGN: Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING: 40 public high schools in the state of Morelos, Mexico. PARTICIPANTS: 10 954 first year high school students. INTERVENTION: Schools were randomised to one of three arms: an HIV prevention course that promoted condom use, the same course with emergency contraception as back-up, or the existing sex education course. Self administered anonymous questionnaires were completed at baseline, four months, and 16 months. Students at intervention schools received a 30 hour course (over 15 weeks) on HIV prevention and life skills, designed in accordance with guidelines of the joint United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS. Two extra hours of education on emergency contraception were given to students in the condom promotion with contraception arm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measure was reported condom use. Other outcomes were reported sexual activity; knowledge and attitudes about HIV and emergency contraception; and attitudes and confidence about condom use. RESULTS: Intervention did not affect reported condom use. Knowledge of HIV improved in both intervention arms and knowledge of emergency contraception improved in the condom promotion with contraception arm. Reported sexual behaviour was similar in the intervention arms and the control group. CONCLUSION: A rigorously designed, implemented, and evaluated HIV education course based in public high schools did not reduce risk behaviour, so such courses need to be redesigned and evaluated. Addition of emergency contraception did not decrease reported condom use or increase risky sexual behaviour but did increase reported use of emergency contraception

    Attitudes Toward Contraception Among Fourth Wave College-Aged Women

    Full text link
    This research examines how college-aged women today view contraception in comparison to the ways it has been viewed by previous generations of women, as well as what they view the future of contraception in the United States to look like. This has been done through a lens of political action and advocacy, which has defined the fight for access to contraception and reproductive justice throughout history. In light of the recent threats on contraception and the corresponding responsive social movements, such as the Women’s March, women in the United States are shifting their views on the matter, but what actions are they taking?Reproductive health is highly politicized, yet college-aged/millennial women are not accustomed to an administration that attacks contraception and their access to it. In response to the current American political climate, we\u27ve seen an embracing of feminism in the mainstream media and feminist organization, such as the Women\u27s March, but have yet to see any policy change. The question this has led me to explore is whether or not attacks on access to contraception will politically mobilize and unite women. This research is based in interviews with women on the Gettysburg College campus and the analysis of data on racial, geographic, and class disparities in health care/access in order to understand the politicization of contraception in women\u27s lives

    Understanding facilitators and barriers to contraception screening and referral in young women with cancer

    Full text link
    BACKGROUND: Young women with cancer often worry about impaired fertility after treatment but can experience devastating consequences from an unplanned pregnancy during treatment. Contraception screening and referral appear to occur infrequently in cancer care. OBJECTIVES: We sought to understand oncologic providers’ current practices, perceptions of facilitators and barriers to screening for adequate contraception during cancer treatment, and to understand patient perspectives on these processes. METHODS: We interviewed 19 oncologic providers and 20 female reproductive-aged oncology patients stable on treatment or who had completed therapy within the last 24 months. We recruited participants from an urban, northeast medical center where they worked or received oncologic care. Semi-structured interview questions examined components of the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) framework, and subsequent constant comparative analysis identified similar themes. FINDINGS: Providers vary significantly in their current contraception screening practices with many focusing on diagnosing pregnancy rather than prevention. Providers identified many institutional and organizational barriers, including lack of education and lack of clear provider responsibility. Providers also identified resources and supports that would assist with contraception screening and referral, including education and enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration with gynecologic providers. Patients infrequently recalled contraception conversations with oncology providers and expressed challenges determining the most appropriate provider with whom to discuss contraception. CONCLUSION: Cancer centers should address barriers to contraception screening and referral locally in future implementation of contraception screening and referral. National organizations should work to develop guidelines to inform and support this process in clinical practice.2019-10-23T00:00:00

    Anthropological Differences between Contraception and Natural Family Planning

    Get PDF
    Almost twenty years ago, Pope John Paul II in his apostolic exhortation Familiaris Consortio called on scholars to study the anthropological and moral differences between the recourse to the natural rhythms of a woman’s menstrual cycle (i.e., natural family planning) and contraception (1). Although natural family planning (NFP) and contraception can both be used to prevent pregnancy, there are conspicuous differences between use of natural methods and contraception. Most people, however, have difficulty in distinguishing what the differences are and in understanding why some religious groups, health professionals, and other members of society consider contraception (but not natural family planning) immoral or problematic. As the title indicates, our focus will be more on anthropological than on moral differences. That is, we do not explicitly address the question, “What is the core criterion for judging the moral rightness or wrongness of contraception?” Nevertheless, our findings on the consequences of contraception and sterilization are quite relevant for moral judgments, even for those who use a consequentialist or proportionalist approach in morals. For example, how moral is it to treat a woman’s fertility/reproductive system as a disease or to alter or destroy it

    Emergency Contraception for Adolescents

    Get PDF
    Healthy Teen Network recommends that emergency contraception be treated as any other over-the-counter drug by pharmacies and be available over-the-counter without a prescription to adolescents. We encourage teaching adolescents, their parents, and health care providers about emergency contraception availability, use and effectiveness

    Contraception as a Sex Equality Right

    Get PDF
    Challenges to federal law requiring insurance coverage of contraception are occurring on the eve of the 50th Anniversary of the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Griswold v. Connecticut. It is a good time to reflect on the values served by protecting women’s access to contraception. In 1965, the Court ruled in Griswold that a law criminalizing the use of contraception violated the privacy of the marriage relationship. Griswold offered women the most significant constitutional protection since the Nineteenth Amendment gave women the right to vote, constitutional protection as important as the cases prohibiting sex discrimination that the Court would decide in the next decade—perhaps even more so. Griswold is conventionally understood to have secured liberty for women. But the right to contraception also secures equality for women, as Ruth Bader Ginsburg saw clearly in the 1970s and as the Court eventually would explain in Planned Parenthood v. Casey

    The Catholic Doctor, the Catholic Hospital and Contraception

    Get PDF
    In the following article, he reviews the position of the Catholic Church on contraception . After affirming the Pope\u27s supreme teaching authority, he outlines the papal attitude toward contraception and stresses the objective evil of artificial birth control. The role of Catholic doctors and hospitals in combating a contraceptive mentality is also examined

    BEBERAPA FAKTOR YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN PEMILIHAN TYPE ALAT KONTRSEPSI SUNTIK PADA IBU MENYUSUI DI KECAMATAN GENUK,BULAN JUNI 2003

    Get PDF
    Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sindhung (1999) menyebutkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan alat kontrasepsi diantaranya adalah Pengetahuan, Informasi, umur, Sosial ekonomi serta dukungan tohok masyarakat / keluarga. Hal ini sesuai dengan teori Green (1980) bahwa perilaku kesehatan termasuk didalamnya pemilihan alat kontrasepsi dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor yaitu faktor predisposing (Pengetahuan, sikap, Pendidikan, ekonomi keluarga), faktor-faktor pendukung (ketersediaan alat kesehatan, sumber informasi) serta faktor pendorong (dukungan keluarga/tokoh masyarakat) Jenis penelitian adalah explanatory survey dengan desain cross sectional study.Sampel penelitian diambil secara acak sederhana ( simple Random sampling ) dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 80 responden. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu menyusui yang menggunakan alat kontrasepsi suntik. Independent sampel t-test untuk menguji perbedaan ekonomi keluarga dengan pemilihan type alat kontrasepsi suntik, Uji Chi Square untuk menguji Variabel Pengetahuan, sikap, Ketersediaan alat kontrasepsi suntik dan dukungan keluarga, uji Mann Whitney untuk menguji perbedaan pendidikan dan sumber informasi dengan pemilihan type alat kontrasepsi suntik. analisa Univariat memberikan informasi bahwa (1) sebagian besar (60%) ibu menyusui mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik (2) Responen bersikap netral 78.8 % (3) Pendidikan formal terbanyak SLTA/sederajad 46.3% (4) Tingkat ekonomi 47.5 % termasuk golongan ekonomi menengah (5) Responden mendapat informasi terbanyak dari 3 sumber 37.5% (6)Ketersediaan Type alat kontrasepsi suntik tersedia 68.8 % (7) Dukungan keluarga 56.3% tidak mendukung (8) Responden yang memilih type alat kontrasepsi satu bulan 29 orang dan tiga bulan 51 orang. Dari hasil analisis perbedaan membktikan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara sikap, ekonomi keluarga, pendidikan, dukungan keluarga dengan pemilihan type alat kontrasepsi pada taraf signifikansi 5 % dan ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan,sumber informasi dan ketersediaan alat kontrasepsi dengan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi pada taraf signifikansi 5 %. Masih kurangnya dukungan keluarga ibu menyusui terhadap pemilihan type alat kontrasepsi (56.3%)maka saran dimaksudkan untuk dialkukan pendekatan dengan masyarakat agar bersedia mendukung gerakan KB dan para suami untuk lebih memperhatikan kesehatan Ibu dan Anak dengan mendukung Gerakan Program Suami SIAGA (Siap, Antar, Jaga). bagi Instansi terkait perlu dilakukan dilakukan pembinaan dan peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai penggunaan kontrasepsi bagi ibu menyusui serta KI mengenai pilihan alat kontrasepsi pada ibu menyusui perlu diprioritaskan pada (1)Kontrasepsi non hormonal;(2) Kontrasepsi yang hanya mengandung hormon progestin (3) Kontrasepsi oral yang mengandung Progestin denga Estrogen dosis rendah. Kata Kunci: Ibu menyusui, Type alat Kontrasepsi, Pemilihan alat Kontrsepsi SOME FACTORS WHICH DISTINGUISH TO DETERMINATED THE CHOICE OF CONTRACEPTION INJECTION TYPE UN MATHER BREASFEEDING IN GENUK SUB DISTRICT SEMARANG DISTRICT The research done by Siswosudarmo(2000)stated that the subject which had the change of their period in using a mont injection were smaller than the ones using three months injection.The choise of injection contraception for beastfeeding mother is very important for mother,s and baby,s health.While the factors influenced contraception equipment used are : knowledge,information,age,sosial-economics and also public figure supports or family.This case appropriated to Green(1980)that behaviour health including of contraception equipment selection influenced by 3 factors such as :ppredispocing (knowledge,attitude,education,family economics),enabling factors ( supplying health equipment and information sources)and also motivator factors (family support and public figure). This research is explanatory survey with cross sectional study design.Research,s samples take in simple random sampling with 80 respondents.The population of research are breastfeeding mother who use contraception equipment independent sample T-test to examine family economic differences with injection selection,Mann Whitney test use to evaluate education differences and information source with injection selection and Chi-Square test examine variabels such as : knowledge,attitude,supplying of injection contraception equipment ang family support. Univariat analysis give some information that (1) almost (60%) breastfeeding mother have good knowledge,(2)respondents in neutral attitude 78.8%,(3)respondents in formal education rate on senior high school/at level 46.3%,(4)economy degrees 47.5% is in middle economy class,(5)respondent get most information from 3 sources 37.5%,(6)supplying of contraception equipment type available 68.8%,(7)family support56.3% unmotivated,(8)respondent who choose injection contraception 36.2% and 63.7% in three months.From analysis result differences proof that there are no differences meaning among attitude,economics family,education,information soutces and family support with contraception equipment selection at significance standard 5%. Family support to breastfeeding mother of equipment contraception injection type still less (56.3%),so suggestion mean to approach public in order to ready supporting Family planning movement and for husbands to more care of mother and child health with supporting "Gerakan Program Suami SIAGA (Siap,Antar,Jaga)".For institution related need some efforts to bulid and increase knowledge about contraception using for brestfeeding mother and KIE about contraception equipment selection needmto be priority at (1) non hormonal contraceptional,(2)Contraceptional that only containts of progrestin hormone,(3)oral contraceptional contains of progestin white Estrogen low doses. Keyword: Breastfeeding mother,Injection equipment contraception type,Selection of injection equipment contraception typ

    The Birth Control Divide : U. S. Press Coverage of Contraception, 1873-2013

    Get PDF
    For more than 140 years, religious, medical, legislative, and legal institutions have contested the issue of contraception. In this conversation, predominantly male voices have attached reproductive rights to tangential moral and political matters, revealing an ongoing, systematic attempt to regulate human bodies, especially those of women. This analysis of 1873-2013 press coverage of contraception in the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, and the Chicago Tribune shows a division between institutional ideology and real-life experience; women’s reproductive rights are negotiable. Although journalists often reported that contraception was a factor in the everyday life of women and men, press accounts also showed religious, medical, legislative, and legal institutions debating whether it should be. Contraception originally was predominately viewed as a practice of prostitutes (despite evidence to the contrary) but became a part of everyday life. The battle has slowly evolved into one about the Affordable Care Act, religious freedom, morality, and employer rights. What did not significantly change over the 140-year period are larger cultural and ideological structures; these continue to be dominated by men, who retain power over women’s bodies

    Contraception and Abortifacients

    Get PDF
    • …
    corecore