309 research outputs found
Self-Sustaining Caching Stations: Towards Cost-Effective 5G-Enabled Vehicular Networks
In this article, we investigate the cost-effective 5G-enabled vehicular
networks to support emerging vehicular applications, such as autonomous
driving, in-car infotainment and location-based road services. To this end,
self-sustaining caching stations (SCSs) are introduced to liberate on-road base
stations from the constraints of power lines and wired backhauls. Specifically,
the cache-enabled SCSs are powered by renewable energy and connected to core
networks through wireless backhauls, which can realize "drop-and-play"
deployment, green operation, and low-latency services. With SCSs integrated, a
5G-enabled heterogeneous vehicular networking architecture is further proposed,
where SCSs are deployed along roadside for traffic offloading while
conventional macro base stations (MBSs) provide ubiquitous coverage to
vehicles. In addition, a hierarchical network management framework is designed
to deal with high dynamics in vehicular traffic and renewable energy, where
content caching, energy management and traffic steering are jointly
investigated to optimize the service capability of SCSs with balanced power
demand and supply in different time scales. Case studies are provided to
illustrate SCS deployment and operation designs, and some open research issues
are also discussed.Comment: IEEE Communications Magazine, to appea
Separation Framework: An Enabler for Cooperative and D2D Communication for Future 5G Networks
Soaring capacity and coverage demands dictate that future cellular networks
need to soon migrate towards ultra-dense networks. However, network
densification comes with a host of challenges that include compromised energy
efficiency, complex interference management, cumbersome mobility management,
burdensome signaling overheads and higher backhaul costs. Interestingly, most
of the problems, that beleaguer network densification, stem from legacy
networks' one common feature i.e., tight coupling between the control and data
planes regardless of their degree of heterogeneity and cell density.
Consequently, in wake of 5G, control and data planes separation architecture
(SARC) has recently been conceived as a promising paradigm that has potential
to address most of aforementioned challenges. In this article, we review
various proposals that have been presented in literature so far to enable SARC.
More specifically, we analyze how and to what degree various SARC proposals
address the four main challenges in network densification namely: energy
efficiency, system level capacity maximization, interference management and
mobility management. We then focus on two salient features of future cellular
networks that have not yet been adapted in legacy networks at wide scale and
thus remain a hallmark of 5G, i.e., coordinated multipoint (CoMP), and
device-to-device (D2D) communications. After providing necessary background on
CoMP and D2D, we analyze how SARC can particularly act as a major enabler for
CoMP and D2D in context of 5G. This article thus serves as both a tutorial as
well as an up to date survey on SARC, CoMP and D2D. Most importantly, the
article provides an extensive outlook of challenges and opportunities that lie
at the crossroads of these three mutually entangled emerging technologies.Comment: 28 pages, 11 figures, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 201
A survey of machine learning techniques applied to self organizing cellular networks
In this paper, a survey of the literature of the past fifteen years involving Machine Learning (ML) algorithms applied to self organizing cellular networks is performed. In order for future networks to overcome the current limitations and address the issues of current cellular systems, it is clear that more intelligence needs to be deployed, so that a fully autonomous and flexible network can be enabled. This paper focuses on the learning perspective of Self Organizing Networks (SON) solutions and provides, not only an overview of the most common ML techniques encountered in cellular networks, but also manages to classify each paper in terms of its learning solution, while also giving some examples. The authors also classify each paper in terms of its self-organizing use-case and discuss how each proposed solution performed. In addition, a comparison between the most commonly found ML algorithms in terms of certain SON metrics is performed and general guidelines on when to choose each ML algorithm for each SON function are proposed. Lastly, this work also provides future research directions and new paradigms that the use of more robust and intelligent algorithms, together with data gathered by operators, can bring to the cellular networks domain and fully enable the concept of SON in the near future
On the Tradeoff between Energy Harvesting and Caching in Wireless Networks
Self-powered, energy harvesting small cell base stations (SBS) are expected
to be an integral part of next-generation wireless networks. However, due to
uncertainties in harvested energy, it is necessary to adopt energy efficient
power control schemes to reduce an SBSs' energy consumption and thus ensure
quality-of-service (QoS) for users. Such energy-efficient design can also be
done via the use of content caching which reduces the usage of the
capacity-limited SBS backhaul. of popular content at SBS can also prove
beneficial in this regard by reducing the backhaul usage. In this paper, an
online energy efficient power control scheme is developed for an energy
harvesting SBS equipped with a wireless backhaul and local storage. In our
model, energy arrivals are assumed to be Poisson distributed and the popularity
distribution of requested content is modeled using Zipf's law. The power
control problem is formulated as a (discounted) infinite horizon dynamic
programming problem and solved numerically using the value iteration algorithm.
Using simulations, we provide valuable insights on the impact of energy
harvesting and caching on the energy and sum-throughput performance of the SBS
as the network size is varied. Our results also show that the size of cache and
energy harvesting equipment at the SBS can be traded off, while still meeting
the desired system performance.Comment: To be presented at the IEEE International Conference on
Communications (ICC), London, U.K., 201
GreenDelivery: Proactive Content Caching and Push with Energy-Harvesting-based Small Cells
The explosive growth of mobile multimedia traffic calls for scalable wireless
access with high quality of service and low energy cost. Motivated by the
emerging energy harvesting communications, and the trend of caching multimedia
contents at the access edge and user terminals, we propose a paradigm-shift
framework, namely GreenDelivery, enabling efficient content delivery with
energy harvesting based small cells. To resolve the two-dimensional randomness
of energy harvesting and content request arrivals, proactive caching and push
are jointly optimized, with respect to the content popularity distribution and
battery states. We thus develop a novel way of understanding the interplay
between content and energy over time and space. Case studies are provided to
show the substantial reduction of macro BS activities, and thus the related
energy consumption from the power grid is reduced. Research issues of the
proposed GreenDelivery framework are also discussed.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, accepted by IEEE Communications Magazin
A review on green caching strategies for next generation communication networks
© 2020 IEEE. In recent years, the ever-increasing demand for networking resources and energy, fueled by the unprecedented upsurge in Internet traffic, has been a cause for concern for many service providers. Content caching, which serves user requests locally, is deemed to be an enabling technology in addressing the challenges offered by the phenomenal growth in Internet traffic. Conventionally, content caching is considered as a viable solution to alleviate the backhaul pressure. However, recently, many studies have reported energy cost reductions contributed by content caching in cache-equipped networks. The hypothesis is that caching shortens content delivery distance and eventually achieves significant reduction in transmission energy consumption. This has motivated us to conduct this study and in this article, a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art green caching techniques is provided. This review paper extensively discusses contributions of the existing studies on green caching. In addition, the study explores different cache-equipped network types, solution methods, and application scenarios. We categorically present that the optimal selection of the caching nodes, smart resource management, popular content selection, and renewable energy integration can substantially improve energy efficiency of the cache-equipped systems. In addition, based on the comprehensive analysis, we also highlight some potential research ideas relevant to green content caching
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