New Approaches of Consumers’ Protection in Terms of Management Systems’ International Standards Evolution

This paper grew out of the central issue addressed in Trading Up: Consumer and Environmental Regulation in a Global Economy by David Vogel, namely the impact of economic globalization on consumers’ protection regulations. Reviewing the extensive matter of consumer protection, with a thorough analysis of European Union last issued data, the paper summarizes and analyzes the contributions of ISO quality management standards to consumers’ protection based on a chain of logically connected concepts and activities. The approach was double-sided, intercrossing the qualitative and quantitative arguments joined with the analysis of the correlation between the efforts and effects in consumers’ protection area. Due to a yet continue divergence regarding the regulatory processes, of a visible movement to the development and implementation of more stringent standards as well as a new means for implementing integrated quality management systems, the paper suggests and develops an implementation model of integrated quality management systems, based on Jorgensen 2006 model and improved through adding the new ISO 26000 standard.consumers' protection, quality, ISO standards, implementation models for ISO integrated systems

Just ticking the box: A social informatics model of the consequences of consent

Given the societal diffusion, proliferation and ubiquity of computerised systems and platforms, it is generally perceived by consumers that systems and eBusiness platforms often pose a threat to the privacy of their supplied information (Srnicek, 2017; Andreotti et al., 2018). Furthermore, as we see the replacement of systems that were once manual and paper-based migrate to digital processes and information systems (Lunt et al., 2019), consent in the information era is reduced to ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ option, often in the form of a tick box. Additionally, despite the arrival of the General Data Protection Regulation in 2018 as means to provide protection in relation to data processing, we argue that there is a lack of transparency in relation to the intention of this data processing and secondary data use for the purposes of research and marketing, for example. In light of this, we argue that there exists an increasingly difficult challenge to establish a mutual understanding of what consent actually is and what the wider permutations of it represents and comprehends. The lack of mutual understanding, in a digital world that is becoming increasingly reliant on the perceived benefits of acquiring and processing large sets of data (Kitchin, 2014; Breidbach et al., 2019) is deeply problematic. It is not only problematic for the consumer, but also to system developers, platform owners, and data processors alike. To this end, this paper presents a model, derived from action research, which positions the concept of consent within a socio-technical framing. This model approaches consent, in the context of digital platforms and eBusiness and how it comes to be represented in information systems, as a socio-technical construct of moral orders that imbues the feelings, convictions and aspirations of the consumer as they are engaged in the use of digital systems. We offer that consent is merely approached as an attribute in a data model, rather than relaying the communicative understanding of the consumer. This model introduces the areas of information processing systems and information communication systems as two differing interpretations within which digital platforms can be perceived. We offer these two distinctions as a mechanism to explain and, more importantly, explore the notion of the governance of consent and how this comes to be manifested in information systems

Studying Consumers’ Ecological Consciousness – A Comparative Analysis of Romania, Malaysia and Pakistan

In the context of an increasing discourse on sustainability and environmental protection, the research on ecological consumer behavior becomes a necessity for companies. The extension in number of multinational companies determines an adaptation of their policies from one country to another. Based on a comparative approach of consumers in Romania, Malaysia and Pakistan, this paper analysis the dimensions of ecological consciousness, and highlights similarities and differences between the countries. In order to reach this objective, the research presents a structural equation model founded on primary data collected from an online survey. Religion and national culture are the main differences outlined by the analysis, in terms of ecological consciousness.ecology, ecological consciousness, consumers, consumer behavior

The Impact of Entry Regulation on Total Welfare: A Policy Experiment

This paper evaluates how different lengths of entry regulation impact market structure and market performance using a dynamic structural model. We formulate an oligopoly model in the tradition of Ericson and Pakes (1995) and allow entry costs to vary over time. Firms have the opportunity to produce multiple products, and decide when to enter a market, followed by production and exit decisions. Using quarterly firm-level data on the static random access memory industry from 1974 to 2003, we find that entry costs decline by more than 90% within the first three years. Our policy experiments provide evidence that the duration of entry regulation has a negative impact on consumer surplus. We also find that entry protection increases total surplus if the protection duration is either sufficiently short or sufficiently long. If entry protection duration is short, the increase in monopolist's profits and entry cost saving dominate the reduction in consumer welfare, which affects total welfare positively. If protection duration is long, dynamic efficiency gains, i.e., the delay of subsequent entry and savings on entry costs impact total welfare positively

Enabling the new economic actor: data protection, the digital economy, and the Databox

This paper offers a sociological perspective on data protection regulation and its relevance to design. From this perspective, proposed regulation in Europe and the USA seeks to create a new economic actor—the consumer as personal data trader—through new legal frameworks that shift the locus of agency and control in data processing towards the individual consumer or “data subject”. The sociological perspective on proposed data regulation recognises the reflexive relationship between law and the social order, and the commensurate needs to balance the demand for compliance with the design of computational tools that enable this new economic actor. We present the Databox model as a means of providing data protection and allowing the individual to exploit personal data to become an active player in the emerging data economy.The authors acknowledge the support of the EPSRC, Grants EP/M001636/1, EP/M02315X/1, EP/N028260/1, and EU FP7 Grant 611001.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from [PUBLISHER] via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00779-016-0939-

Evaluasi Kebijakan Perlindungan Konsumen Produk Makanan dan Minuman terhadap Zat Pewarna Terlarang di Kabupaten Probolinggo

The purpose of this study was to determine consumer protection food and drink product against illegal coloring substances the judged less successfull because the presence of food and drink containing substances forbidden coloring is still outstanding in the markets and consumed by the public. The method used is to with the CIPP Model, namely the evaluation context, input, process and product. Context analysis to perform a test of whether the  objectives are formulated clearly and specifically, or not.  Evaluasi input to do the test if input to achieve adequateas well as how its quality. The evaluation  process is related to how the procedure doing the program, and if there are a weakness in support of the work process. Evaluation of Products related to the evaluation of results achieved from a program or policy, as well as whether the program needs to be continued,followed by revision or not followed. This research is qualitative research, evaluation research with qualitative design-verivikatif, with variants of the qualitative evaluative, because this this research doing to research a policy or program.   In every stage of the research or retrieval conclusion,do the steps in the form of data reduction, data display, and data verivication. Based on the evaluation of the context, it was concluded that consumer protection policyhas not been formulated clearly, so haven't been     able to understand and be understood  by  Investigating civil servant  (PPNS),  consumer protection Apparatus Builder with regard to consumer  protection as Office of industry and Trading (Perindag) and the Health Service.Based on the evaluation of the input obtained concluded that consumer protection has yet to allocate the funds, facilities and infrastructure, as well as sufficientresources to conduct surveillance of food and drink products as  well as  sweeping  up  food  and drink product containing  coloring  substances forbidden colors  has already circulated in the markets. Based on the analysis of the Evaluation process, the stages that can be obstacles or constraints in the supervision of food and drink products is forbidden color substance is in determining the  time of joint  supervisory with teams BPOM from East Java Province

Factors affecting the public judgement of consumer protection authorities

The article first introduces the state-provided institutions for consumer protection in Hungary, then examines and systematises those factors having a significant impact on the public judgement of the work of consumer protection authorities. The study is based on the presumption that the public judgement of the work of consumer protection institutions is affected by many factors, and that these factors can be grouped and counted. After examining the main fields of activities of consumer protection institutions and the main factors and aspects affecting the judgement of the public, a model for the measurement of satisfaction is proposed

Catalyzing Privacy Law

The United States famously lacks a comprehensive federal data privacy law. In the past year, however, over half the states have proposed broad privacy bills or have established task forces to propose possible privacy legislation. Meanwhile, congressional committees are holding hearings on multiple privacy bills. What is catalyzing this legislative momentum? Some believe that Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which came into force in 2018, is the driving factor. But with the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) which took effect in January 2020, California has emerged as an alternate contender in the race to set the new standard for privacy.Our close comparison of the GDPR and California’s privacy law reveals that the California law is not GDPR-lite: it retains a fundamentally American approach to information privacy. Reviewing the literature on regulatory competition, we argue that California, not Brussels, is catalyzing privacy law across the United States. And what is happening is not a simple story of powerful state actors. It is more accurately characterized as the result of individual networked norm entrepreneurs, influenced and even empowered by data globalization. Our study helps explain the puzzle of why Europe’s data privacy approach failed to spur US legislation for over two decades. Finally, our study answers critical questions of practical interest to individuals—who will protect my privacy?—and to businesses—whose rules should I follow

Data Disparity: Tiered Pricing as an Alternative to Consumer IoT Data Privacy Regulations

In recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) devices have exploded on the consumer scene. These emerging products bring new technological capabilities into our everyday lives. IoT is projected to contribute anywhere from $4-11 trillion to the global economy and companies are investing billions of dollars into the technology. However, with the vast amount of data that IoT devices collect, consumers are burdening the risk of having their personal data breached or sold to third parties. This paper first identifies why consumers may be weary or willing towards providing their personal data and how unconscious biases in the purchasing process cause consumers to misperceive their level of risk. Then, the impact of potential regulations that may be enacted are analyzed. Finally, a study is conducted that tests consumers’ purchasing behavior around a smart speaker that is offered under a three-tier price model providing three different levels of data privacy. From this study, a two-tier price model is proposed as an effective measure towards ensuring greater equality in the personal data trade between consumers and sellers, and a proactive alternative to regulations that may create new challenges for both parties