EPrints und das DINI-Zertifikat 2010

EPrints and the DINI certificat 201

Ice-tethered platforms & ROV, Progress report 2018

Progress report on the work of FRAM Task 3.1 for the bi-annual FRAM workshop

EPrints und das DINI-Zertifikat 2010

EPrints and the DINI certificat 201

Polyploidy modulates the adaptation to water deficit in citrus scion/ rootstock associations evaluated under controlled pot condition and relates to specific changes in root and leaf transcriptome

Citrus, one of the world's most important crops, is facing significant challenges due to drought events. Previous studies have demonstrated that tetraploid rootstocks may exhibit greater tolerance to abiotic stresses than their diploid counterparts. The effects of combining a tetraploid rootstock with a triploid scion under water deficit conditions have not been thoroughly explored. A water deficit experiment was conducted under controlled pot conditions using four citrus scion/rootstock combinations: diploid and tetraploid Swingle citrumelo rootstocks grafted with diploid Mexican lime and triploid Persian lime. Physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses under controlled pot condition revealed that tetraploid rootstocks exhibited significantly improved performance under drought stress, with an even greater effect when the scion was the triploid Persian lime. In that condition, the improved resilience was associated with reduced water consumption, higher photosynthesis, increased stomatal conductance and transpiration under water stress conditions. Elevated abscisic acid levels and stronger antioxidant activity in polyploid rootstocks further contributed to the stress response. Transcriptomic data revealed distinct gene expression changes in roots and leaves, influenced by organ ploidy and rootstock-scion interactions. Taken together our results provide insights into drought adaptation mechanisms including osmotic adjustment, oxidative stress protection, sustained photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity and enhanced synthesis of protective barriers. These findings underscore ploidy's role at both rootstock and scion levels in shaping the plant's response to water deficit, revealing useful interactions between rootstock and scion influencing drought resilience

Manejo integrado de la roya Hemileia vastatri, en el cultivo de café Coffea canephora

Coffee in Ecuador represents one more item for the country's economy, although large areas of coffee are not harvested in Ecuador, it is a source of work for you to make this crop. In recent times the coffee sector has been affected by the presence of coffee rust Hemileia vastatrix, thus reducing its production, this is due to various causes such as: susceptible crops, favorable conditions, labor deficit, poor management control of coffee rust. Many farmers do not know how to face the control of this disease so they are not properly trained, they do not recognize the stages of coffee rust and therefore do not know when to apply the chemical for good control.Coffee in Ecuador represents one more item for the country's economy, although large areas of coffee are not harvested in Ecuador, it is a source of work for you to make this crop. In recent times the coffee sector has been affected by the presence of coffee rust Hemileia vastatrix, thus reducing its production, this is due to various causes such as: susceptible crops, favorable conditions, labor deficit, poor management control of coffee rust. Many farmers do not know how to face the control of this disease so they are not properly trained, they do not recognize the stages of coffee rust and therefore do not know when to apply the chemical for good control.El café en Ecuador representa un rubro más para la economía del país aunque en el Ecuador no se cosechen grandes extensiones de café es una fuente de trabajo para quieres realizan esta cultivo. En los últimos tiempos el sector cafetero se ha visto afectado por la presencia de la roya del café Hemileia vastatrix, bajando así su producción esto se debe por varias causas como: cultivos susceptibles, condiciones favorables, déficit mano de obra, deficiente manejo de control de la roya del café. Muchos agricultores no saben cómo afrontar el control de esta enfermedad por lo que no están capacitados correctamente, no reconocen los estadios de la roya del café por ende no saben en qué momento deben de aplicar el producto químico para su buen control

Manejo integrado del virus del rayado (Banana streak virus - BSV) en plantaciones comerciales

Banana cultivation is a plant that adapts to variable tropical climates, is perennial and native to Asia. "In Ecuador, three types of bananas are grown, the most important being the so-called" Cavendish "banana, followed by the" Orine Guineo "and the purple guineo called" Banana Rose. " The Ecuadorian banana market is diversified, exporting the fruit to the European Union USA Russia, Southern Cone as main markets and 11% to marginal markets. In 2016, banana exports amounted to USD 2,734.16 million. In Costa Rica and Ecuador, BSV has caused severe symptoms in cultivars of the cavendish group, which has made them unfit for commercialization, causing distortion in the pseudostem and consequently an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. Banana is a fundamental crop in the country's economy, generating income in turn source of work to thousands of families, being a sustainable crop for the country Ecuador. The main problem in Ecuador is that there is no technology to develop genetic improvement in banana varieties and prevention methods are very basic such as the use of treated plants, eradication of infested plantations and prevention of vector agents. The main objective was to describe the integral practices in commercial banana plantations to minimize losses due to (Banana streak virus - BSV). In the banana farms of the province of Los Ríos, the Banana Streak Virus - BSV is defined as one of the viruses that specifically affects the musaceae generating large economic losses, reduction of arable hectares and low yield in the agricultural sector. During the supervision of the Treasury, the different symptoms were observed, which explained to us that these may disappear or appear at different times and not the entire leaf area can show the symptoms of the striatum. The collaborators of the Laura Isabella I Hacienda mentioned that The most contagious stage is, during the winter state, since different insect pests manifest and increase the presence of cochineal being this one of the transmitters of the BSV. There are no studies that ensure the control of double-stranded plant viruses, therefore it cannot be considered as a potential agent for the elimination of BSV.Banana cultivation is a plant that adapts to variable tropical climates, is perennial and native to Asia. "In Ecuador, three types of bananas are grown, the most important being the so-called" Cavendish "banana, followed by the" Orine Guineo "and the purple guineo called" Banana Rose. " The Ecuadorian banana market is diversified, exporting the fruit to the European Union USA Russia, Southern Cone as main markets and 11% to marginal markets. In 2016, banana exports amounted to USD 2,734.16 million. In Costa Rica and Ecuador, BSV has caused severe symptoms in cultivars of the cavendish group, which has made them unfit for commercialization, causing distortion in the pseudostem and consequently an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. Banana is a fundamental crop in the country's economy, generating income in turn source of work to thousands of families, being a sustainable crop for the country Ecuador. The main problem in Ecuador is that there is no technology to develop genetic improvement in banana varieties and prevention methods are very basic such as the use of treated plants, eradication of infested plantations and prevention of vector agents. The main objective was to describe the integral practices in commercial banana plantations to minimize losses due to (Banana streak virus - BSV). In the banana farms of the province of Los Ríos, the Banana Streak Virus - BSV is defined as one of the viruses that specifically affects the musaceae generating large economic losses, reduction of arable hectares and low yield in the agricultural sector. During the supervision of the Treasury, the different symptoms were observed, which explained to us that these may disappear or appear at different times and not the entire leaf area can show the symptoms of the striatum. The collaborators of the Laura Isabella I Hacienda mentioned that The most contagious stage is, during the winter state, since different insect pests manifest and increase the presence of cochineal being this one of the transmitters of the BSV. There are no studies that ensure the control of double-stranded plant viruses, therefore it cannot be considered as a potential agent for the elimination of BSV.El cultivo de banano es una planta que se adapta a variables climas tropicales, es perenne y originario de Asia. " En el Ecuador se cultivan tres tipos de banano siendo el más importante el denominado banano "Cavendish", seguido por el "Guineo Orito" y el guineo morado llamado "Banana Rose. El mercado del banano ecuatoriano es diversificado, exportándose la fruta a la Unión Europea USA Rusia, Cono Sur como mercados principales y el 11% a mercados marginales. el año 2016 las exportaciones de banano fueron de USD 2.734,16 millones. En Costa Rica y Ecuador el BSV ha causado síntomas severos en cultivares del grupo Cavendish, que los ha hecho no aptos para su comercialización, provocando distorsión en el pseudotallo y por consiguiente un aumento de la susceptibilidad a infecciones bacterianas. El banano es un cultivo fundamental en la economía del país, generando ingresos a su vez fuente de trabajo a miles de familia, siendo un cultivo sostenible para el país Ecuador. La principal problemática en el Ecuador es que no consta con tecnología para desarrollar mejoramiento genético en variedades de banano y los métodos de prevención son muy básicos como el uso de plantas tratadas, erradicación de plantaciones infestadas y prevención de agentes vectores. El objetivo principal fue describir las practicas integrales en plantaciones comerciales de banano para minimizar las perdidas por (Banana Streak virus - BSV). En las fincas bananeras de la provincia de los Ríos el Banana Streak Virus - BSV es definida como uno de los virus que afecta específicamente a las musáceas generando grandes pérdidas económicas, reducción de hectáreas cultivables y bajo rendimiento en el sector agrícola. Durante la supervisión de la Hacienda se observó los diferentes síntomas, el cual nos explicaban que estos pueden desaparecer o aparecer en diferentes épocas y no toda el área foliar puede mostrar los síntomas del estriado. Los colaboradores de la Hacienda Laura Isabella I mencionaron que la etapa más contagiosa es, durante el estado invernal, ya que se manifiestan diferentes insectos plagas e incrementa la presencia de cochinilla siendo este uno de los transmisores del BSV. No existen estudios que aseguren el control de los virus de doble cadena de plantas, por lo tanto, no puede ser considerado como un potencial agente para la eliminación de BSV

Os Territórios de desmatamento na Amazônia. Uma análise geográfica no Estado do Pará

O desmatamento na Amazônia parou de declinar a partir de 2013, questionando a comunidade científica quanto as causas dessa persistência. O artigo apresenta uma metodologia original de análise dos dados oficiais de desmatamento, com foco territorial e baseando-se no conceito sistêmico marcha pioneira. Os autores elaboram uma tipologia municipal, onde cada tipo corresponde a uma etapa na construção territorial, na qual o desmatamento assume papeis específicos. Os autores explicam a existências de territórios de persistência do desmatamento, e outros onde o desenvolvimento ocorre de forma livre de novos desmatamentos. Com base nessa análise, os autores formulam elementos de estratégias e suporte a políticas públicas para combater o desmatamento persistente e promover desenvolvimento sustentável em cada situação territorial

Análisis molecular in silico de la proteína heveína HEV1 y su actividad antifúngica en Hevea Brasiliensis

El árbol de caucho tiene la capacidad de producir látex que es una sustancia natural. Está descrito que las plantaciones de caucho son afectadas por un sinnúmero de enfermedades causadas por hongos que atacan su raíz, tallos, hojas y ramas. Como una manera de protegerse, la planta hace uso de enzimas proteasas, quitinasas, oxidasas y lectinas que son compuestos activos del látex. Heveína es la proteína más abundante en el látex, está involucrada en la defensa de la planta y debido a sus capacidades y bajo peso molecular es considerada una proteína de interés biotecnológico, por lo que el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar a nivel molecular la proteína Heveína (hev1) y diseñar su activación y función antifúngica en Hevea brasiliensis a través de modelamientos in silico. El trabajo bioinformático se ha realizado mediante el uso de programas y sitios web como NCBI, BioEdit, Swiss-Model y RasMol; se obtuvo un análisis de su composición aminoacídica, un modelado de alta identidad y un diseño del mecanismo de activación y función de la proteína. Se concluye que heveína tiene un papel importante en la defensa de la planta y se logra un acercamiento al conocimiento del mecanismo de activación de heveína

Caractérisation technico-économique des exploitations agricoles et des systèmes à base de girofliers à Madagascar. Etude dans les districts de Vavatenina et de Fenerive-Est

L'étude présente s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet ANR-BiodivClo qui vise à analyser la résilience des systèmes agricoles à base de giroflier en 2025 sur la côte Est de Madagascar. Réalisée dans les districts de Vavatenina et de Fenerive-Est, elle repose sur une analyse comparative entre plusieurs villages afin de comprendre la place du giroflier au sein des systèmes d'activités et son influence sur la structure des revenus des ménages. L'approche mobilisée est une analyse technico-économique à l'échelle des systèmes d'activités (exploitation agricole + ménage), intégrant les systèmes de culture, l'élevage et les activités extra-agricoles. Les résultats mettent en évidence l'organisation des exploitations autour de la complémentarité entre riziculture irriguée et culture du girofle, la distillation et la vente de karetsika (feuilles mortes sèches de giroflier) jouant un rôle de variable d'ajustement. En cas de mauvaise production de clous de girofle, les ménages compensent par l'élevage et les activités off-farm, la satisfaction des besoins en riz restant prioritaire. Enfin, l'analyse révèle des dynamiques territoriales différenciées selon les villages, soulignant la diversité des stratégies paysannes face aux aléas économiques et climatiques

Réflexions géographiques pour une exploration d'accompagnement : quelle concertation à Diohine (Sénégal) pour la régénération du kad (Faidherbia albida)

Le village Diohine, situé au coeur du bassin arachidier sénégalais, est caractérisé par la survivance d'instances de concertation villageoises traditionnelles. Au sein du projet DSCATT (Dynamiques de la Séquestration du Carbone dans les sols agricoles de zones Tropicales et Tempérée), différentes séries d'ateliers y ont été menées dans le but de co- concevoir, avec un groupe d'acteurs locaux, une vision partagée du futur souhaitable de leur village et des pratiques en jeu pour y parvenir. Cette étude s'inscrit dans ce processus d'accompagnement en prenant comme objet l'arbre. Face à la dégradation du parc arboré et à l'augmentation de la pression sur les ressources ligneuses, il s'agissait d'une part de mieux saisir les enjeux locaux gravitant autour de l'arbre, d'autre part, d'initier un processus concertatif autour de sa gestion. La tenue d'ateliers avec les partie-prenantes et la conduite d'entretiens et d'observations, ont permis d'identifier et de hiérarchiser les enjeux de la gestion du parc. La régénération du Faidherbia albida apparaît ainsi comme l'élément central du maintien de la vitalité du socio-écosystème productif de Diohine. Un modèle informatique a pu être formalisé, pour soutenir les réflexions autour des potentialités de densification du parc. Après avoir été discuté avec les parties-prenantes, il a fait l'objet d'une exploration algorithmique visant à faire émerger des éléments de prospective, à intégrer dans les délibérations. Le temps passé par les agriculteurs dans les champs en saison sèche ; leur capacité à faire de la protection des pousses un sujet quotidien ; l'organisation de réunions spécifiquement dédiées à la protection des arbres apparaissent ainsi déterminants pour assurer une densification du parc à Faidherbia albida. Cet usage original du modèle ancre l'étude dans le champ émergent de “l'exploration d'accompagnement”