270 research outputs found
Terahertz Communications and Sensing for 6G and Beyond: A Comprehensive View
The next-generation wireless technologies, commonly referred to as the sixth
generation (6G), are envisioned to support extreme communications capacity and
in particular disruption in the network sensing capabilities. The terahertz
(THz) band is one potential enabler for those due to the enormous unused
frequency bands and the high spatial resolution enabled by both short
wavelengths and bandwidths. Different from earlier surveys, this paper presents
a comprehensive treatment and technology survey on THz communications and
sensing in terms of the advantages, applications, propagation characterization,
channel modeling, measurement campaigns, antennas, transceiver devices,
beamforming, networking, the integration of communications and sensing, and
experimental testbeds. Starting from the motivation and use cases, we survey
the development and historical perspective of THz communications and sensing
with the anticipated 6G requirements. We explore the radio propagation, channel
modeling, and measurements for THz band. The transceiver requirements,
architectures, technological challenges, and approaches together with means to
compensate for the high propagation losses by appropriate antenna and
beamforming solutions. We survey also several system technologies required by
or beneficial for THz systems. The synergistic design of sensing and
communications is explored with depth. Practical trials, demonstrations, and
experiments are also summarized. The paper gives a holistic view of the current
state of the art and highlights the issues and challenges that are open for
further research towards 6G.Comment: 55 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables, submitted to IEEE Communications
Surveys & Tutorial
Sensing User's Activity, Channel, and Location with Near-Field Extra-Large-Scale MIMO
This paper proposes a grant-free massive access scheme based on the
millimeter wave (mmWave) extra-large-scale multiple-input multiple-output
(XL-MIMO) to support massive Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices with low latency,
high data rate, and high localization accuracy in the upcoming sixth-generation
(6G) networks. The XL-MIMO consists of multiple antenna subarrays that are
widely spaced over the service area to ensure line-of-sight (LoS)
transmissions. First, we establish the XL-MIMO-based massive access model
considering the near-field spatial non-stationary (SNS) property. Then, by
exploiting the block sparsity of subarrays and the SNS property, we propose a
structured block orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm for efficient active
user detection (AUD) and channel estimation (CE). Furthermore, different
sensing matrices are applied in different pilot subcarriers for exploiting the
diversity gains. Additionally, a multi-subarray collaborative localization
algorithm is designed for localization. In particular, the angle of arrival
(AoA) and time difference of arrival (TDoA) of the LoS links between active
users and related subarrays are extracted from the estimated XL-MIMO channels,
and then the coordinates of active users are acquired by jointly utilizing the
AoAs and TDoAs. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms outperform
existing algorithms in terms of AUD and CE performance and can achieve
centimeter-level localization accuracy.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Communications, Major revision.
Codes will be open to all on https://gaozhen16.github.io/ soo
Time-Domain Channel Estimation for Extremely Large MIMO THz Communications with Beam Squint
In this paper, we study the problem of extremely large (XL) multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) channel estimation in the Terahertz (THz) frequency
band, considering the presence of propagation delays across the entire array
apertures, which leads to frequency selectivity, a problem known as beam
squint. Multi-carrier transmission schemes which are usually deployed to
address this problem, suffer from high peak-to-average power ratio, which is
specifically dominant in THz communications where low transmit power is
realized. Diverging from the usual approach, we devise a novel channel
estimation problem formulation in the time domain for single-carrier (SC)
modulation, which favors transmissions in THz, and incorporate the beam-squint
effect in a sparse vector recovery problem that is solved via sparse
optimization tools. In particular, the beam squint and the sparse MIMO channel
are jointly tracked by using an alternating minimization approach that
decomposes the two estimation problems. The presented performance evaluation
results validate that the proposed SC technique exhibits superior performance
than the conventional one as well as than state-of-the-art multi-carrier
approaches
Role of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in 6G Radio Localization: Recent Developments, Opportunities, Challenges, and Applications
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are seen as a key enabler low-cost
and energy-efficient technology for 6G radio communication and localization. In
this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research
progress on the RIS technology in radio localization for 6G. Particularly, we
discuss the RIS-assisted radio localization taxonomy and review the studies of
RIS-assisted radio localization for different network scenarios, bands of
transmission, deployment environments, as well as near-field operations. Based
on this review, we highlight the future research directions, associated
technical challenges, real-world applications, and limitations of RIS-assisted
radio localization
Cross-Field Channel Estimation for Ultra Massive-MIMO THz Systems
The large bandwidth combined with ultra-massive multiple-input
multiple-output (UM-MIMO) arrays enables terahertz (THz) systems to achieve
terabits-per-second throughput. The THz systems are expected to operate in the
near, intermediate, as well as the far-field. As such, channel estimation
strategies suitable for the near, intermediate, or far-field have been
introduced in the literature. In this work, we propose a cross-field, i.e.,
able to operate in near, intermediate, and far-field, compressive channel
estimation strategy. For an array-of-subarrays (AoSA) architecture, the
proposed method compares the received signals across the arrays to determine
whether a near, intermediate, or far-field channel estimation approach will be
appropriate. Subsequently, compressed estimation is performed in which the
proximity of multiple subarrays (SAs) at the transmitter and receiver is
exploited to reduce computational complexity and increase estimation accuracy.
Numerical results show that the proposed method can enhance channel estimation
accuracy and complexity at all distances of interest.Comment: 30 pages, 7 pages, journa
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