Open windrow composting of polymers: An investigation into the rate of degradation of polyethylene

The compostability of degradable polymers under open windrow composting conditions is explored within this paper. Areas for consideration were the use of, and impacts of, degradable polyethylene (PE) sacks on the composting process and the quality of the finished compost product. These factors were investigated through polymer weight loss over the composting process, the amount of polymer residue and chemical contaminants in the finished compost product, the windrow temperature profiles and a bioassay to establish plant growth and germination levels using the final compost product. This trial also included a comparative study of the weight loss under composting conditions of two different types of ‘degradable’ polymer sacks currently on the European market: PE and a starch based product. Statistical analysis of the windrow temperature profiles has led to the development of a model, which can help to predict the expected trends in the temperature profiles of open compost windrows where the organic waste is kerbside collected using a degradable PE sack

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK NPK DAN KOMPOS LIMBAH TEBU TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX L. MERILL) PADA ULTISOL

THE EFFECT OF NPK FERTILIZER AND SUGAR WASTE COMPOST TOWARD GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF SOYBEAN PLANTS (Glycine max L. Merill) IN ULTISOLABSTRACTExperimental design in this research uses random group design with factorial model 3x4 which consist of 2 factor. The first factor that being observed is NPK fertilizer doze which consist of 3 level, that is: 3 g NPK per polybag (P1) equal to 600kg/ha, 4.5 g NPK per polybag (P2) equal to 900kg/ha, 6 g NPK per polybag (P3) equal to 1200 kg/ha. Sugar waste compost consist of 4 level, that is : 0 g sugar compost per polybag (K0), 75 g sugar compost per polybag (K1), 150 g sugar compost per polybag (K2), 225 g sugar compost tebu per polybag (K3). Distribution of NPK significantly effected to observation of height for plant at the age of 15 and 30 HST, amount of peas plant, weight of dry root, weight of wet crown, weight of wet stover, weight of dry stover and percentage of sprout seed. Significantly effected to high of plant at age of 45. The best distribution of NPK fertilizer found on treatment 6 gram/polybag (P3). The distribution of sugar compost fertilizer shows significantly effective in observation of height for plant at the age of 15, 30, 45 and 60 HST,amount of peas plant, weight of dry root, weight of wet crown, weight of wet stover, weight of dry stover and percentage of sprout seed. The best distribution of sugar waste compost fertilizer is at 225 g per polybag (K3). There are combination between the application of NPK fertilizer with sugar waste compost fertilizer to height parameter of plant at the age of 30, 45, 60 HST, amount of peas plant, weight of dry root, weight of wet crown, weight of wet stover, weight of dry stover and percentage of sprout seed. The best combination commonly meet at treatment for 3g per polybag NPK fertilizer with sugar waste compost fertilizer 150 g per polybag (P1K2).Keywords: Soybean Plants, Npk Fertilizer, Sugar Waste Compost Fertilize

Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao (Theobroma Cacao. L) Terhadap Pemberian Kompos Blotong Dan Pupuk Npkmg Pada Media Subsoil Ultisol

This research aims to test the response of seedling growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) againstNPKMg fertilizer (15: 15: 6: 4) and the filter cake compost on soil media subsoild Ultisol. Thisresearch using randomized block design (RBD) factorial with 2 (two) treatment factors. The firsttreatment is: Compost filter cake with 4 level: M0 = subsoil Ultisol + compost filter cake (5kg+ 0 kg), M1 = subsoil Ultisol + compost filter cake (3.75 kg + 1.25 kg), M2 = subsoil Ultisol +compost filter cake (2.5 kg + 2.5 kg) , M3 = subsoil Ultisol + compost filter cake (1.25 kg+ 3.75 kg). The second factor, namely: Fertilizer dose NPKMg follows: P0 = 0 g / polybag,P1 = 3 g / polybag, P2 = 6 g / polybag and P3 = 9 g / polybag. Parameters measured wereseedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, total leaf area, canopy wet weight, dry weightcrown, root wet weight and dry weight of roots. The result showed that the treatment effect is notreal compost filter cake growth of cocoa seedlings. NPKMg fertilizer treatment significantlyinfluenced all parameters were observed, namely: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves,canopy wet weight, dry weight crown, root wet weight and dry weight of roots. Interactionblotong compost and fertilizer NPKMg unreal effect on the growth of cocoa seedlings.

Functional Compost

The aim of the research program Functional Compost is to develop and test compost, which have been enriched with chitin, for plant growth promoting properties and to recognise specific mechanisms. Two types of compost were included in the program: source separated biodegradable municipal solid waste compost (DM = 62 %) and garden and park waste compost (DM = 66 %). Chitin was added in trace amounts during the maturity phase, combined with two levels of trace amounts immediately before adding the compost to the growth medium. The research program includes several parallel experiments. In experiment I, compost (20 vol. %) was added to soil (no plants) and incubated at 15 C for 5 month, under regular determination of microbial respiration and gross and net N mineralization. There was a significant increase in respiration due to chitin enrichment, which could not be explained by the amount of C derived from the chitin, which therefore suggest a priming effect. The N analyses are still being processed in the laboratory, but data are expected to be available at the conference. In experiment II, compost was mixed with sand, put into pots in a climate chamber, and spring barley seeds infected with Fusarium culmorum were sown in the pots. After 3 weeks of growth, the health of the plants was determined, and the chitinase activity in the sand was measured. The health of the plants and the chitinase activity was significantly higher in the treatments receiving municipal waste compared to the treatments receiving garden waste compost. However, there was no clear effect of the chitin enrichment. Additionally, the microbial community structure of the two types of compost, with and without early chitin, was determined by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). There was a clear separation between compost types, and with or without early chitin amendment. Experiment III is a regular growth experiment, and is running right now. Compost has been incorporated into soil, put into pots in the greenhouse, and spring barley is grown for 2 month before determination for wet and dry weight and N uptake. Data from experiment III is expected to be available at the conference

Efek Residu Kompos Tandan Kosong Keplapa Sawit Setelah Penanaman Kedelai Edamame Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.)

The research entitled Residual effects of Empty Palm Bunches compost (EPB) after planting edamame soybean on growth and production of onion (Allium ascalonicum L.). This research aims to determine the residual effects of EPB compost on growth and production of onion (Allium ascalonicumL.). This research use completely randomized design (CRD) which consists 4 treatments that is EPB compost residue with a dose of 5 ton/ha (K1), EPB compost residue with dose of 10 ton/ ha (K2), EPB compost residue with dose of 15 ton/ha (K3) and EPB compost residue with dose of 20 ton/ha (K4) that each treatment consisted 4 replications, then obtain 16 units of trial. Parameters measured were the number of leaves per clump, the number of tubers per clump, tuber fresh weight per clump, circumference of tubers, plant dry weight and shelf tubers dry weight. The results show that the residual effects of the EPB compost treatment after planting edamame soybean significantly affected on number of leaves per clump, the number of tubers per clump, tuber fresh weight per clump, circumference of tubers, plant dry weight and shelf tubers dry weight of onion. The best growth and production of onion obtained by USAge of EPB compost residue with dose of 20 ton/ha

Kajian Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Cendawan Tiram Putih Pleurotus Ostreatus Pada Berbagai Komposisi Medium Tanam (Study of Growth Andyield of Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus Ostreatus at Various Growth Medium Compositions)

The purpose of this study was to assess the growth and yield of white oyster mushroom on different planting medium composition and the composition of the planting medium that could generate the highest white oyster mushroom. The experiment was conducted at the home of fungi (kumbung) located in Agro Baturaden, District Baturaden, Banyumas, with altitude of approximately 325 m above sea level for 4 months (December 2009 - March 2010). The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 9 treatments: 75% sawdust + 25% compost weeds; 50% sawdust + 50% compost weeds; 25% sawdust + 75% compost weeds; 75% sawdust + 25% compost dry banana leaf banana , 50% sawdust + 50% compost dry banana leaf banana, 25% sawdust + 75% compost dry banana leaf banana, 100% sawdust, 100% compost weeds and 100% compost banana dried banana leaves. Each treatment consisted of 7 baglog and took 3 baglog as samples per treatment. The variables measured were initial mycelium growth, early fruiting bodies grow, the number of fruiting bodies, clumps of fruiting bodies, the volume of fruit body, the weight of fresh mushroom, mushroom dry weight, and Biological Efficiency Ratio (BER). Based on F test and Duncan test at 5% level of error, it was found that the treatment composition 100% sawdust and dried banana leaf banana mycelium showed initial growth between 20.7 up to 26. days after inoculation or 3 days sooner. The composition of the planting medium that could produce the highest white oyster mushroom was 75% sawdust + 25% compost weeds with 171.153 g fresh weight; dry weight of 15.380 g and BER (Biological Efficiency Ratio) 24.453% and 50% sawdust + 50 % compost dry banana leaf banana with 187.230 g fresh weight, dry weight of 13.007 g and 26.747% BER

Biochar and Compost Effect on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn

This study aims to determine the effect of treatment doses of biochar and compost on the growth and yield of sweet corn. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with nested experiment, where factor nested dose for each type of fertilizer. Factors treatment consists of two types of fertilizers that biochar and compost with 3 levels dose and a control for comparison. The composition of the treatment is: without treatment doses of biochar 5 tonnes / ha, biochar dose of 10 tonnes / ha, compost dose of 7.5 tons / ha and a dose of compost 15 tons / ha. The results showed that the weight of the economic results of the corn crop is the highest cobs wet weight was obtained at doses of biochar 5 tonnes / ha of 338.33 g, an increase of 23.44% when compared to the untreated 274.17 g. Cob wet weight of compost obtained at doses of 7.5 tonnes / ha of 336.67 g increased by 22.80% when compared to the untreated 274.17 g

Pengaruh Kombinasi Kompos Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Dengan Pupuk Npk Pada Medium Podzolik Merah Kuning Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.)

The aim of this research is to identifity the effects and to get the best dosage of TKKS compost combination with NPK fertilizer in red-yelow podzolic medium for cocoa seeds growth varieties forestero the age of 4 months. This research was conducted at the experimental garden of Agriculture Faculty, University of Riau, Bina Widya street KM 12,5 Pekanbaru. This research arranged experimentally using Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with some treatment dosage combination of TKKS compost with NPK fertilizer (P) consist of: P1=37.5 g Compost + NPK 7.5 g, P2= 37,5 g Compost + NPK 11.25 g, P3= 37,5 g Compost + NPK 15 g, P4= 75 g Compost + NPK 7.5 g, P5= 75 g Compost + NPK 11.25 g, P6= 75 g Compost + NPK15 g and consist of 3 replication. Data were analyzed statistically using variety of analysis and further test followed by Duncant's test at 5 % level. Parameters observed were the seeds height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaves widht, root width ratio, dry seeds weight, NPK fertilizer efficiency and it relation with dry seeds weight. The result show by giving some treatment of TKKS compost combination with NPK fertilizer on medium podzolic red-yellow on cocoa seeds growth varieties forestero the age of 4 months not reveal significantly to all observed. Giving P1 tretment tend to produce better growth of cocoa seeds. It is seen from seeds height, stem diameter and dry seeds weight. Giving P3 treatment gave the largest efficiency of using NPK fertilizer to 46.113%

Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam Dan Pemberian Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Kolam Aerob Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Di Pre-Nursery

The availability of top soil as an oil palm sead plant media is very limited, so to contend it is usedsub soil plant media which more available and easier to get it, but it has bad chemicalcharacteristics. Application Oil Palm Empty Bunch (OPEB) compost or Palm Oil Liquid Waste ofaerobic pond is expected to bost growth of Palm Seed (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.).This research hadbeen conducted at Net House of Agriculture Faculty, North Sumatera University in October 2013until January 2014,, using factorial randomized block design with two factor i.e. composition ofplanting media (90% Sub-soil + 10% OPEB compost, 80% Sub-soil + 20% OPEB compost, 70%Sub-soil + 30% OPEB compost, and 100% Top-soil) and Palm Oil Liquid Waste (0, 1, 2, and 3litre/plant).Parameter observed were plant\u27s height, stem diameter, number of leaf, total leaf area,volume of root, upper part fresh weight, root weight, upper part dry weight, dry root weight. Theresult showed composition of planting media on palm seed give no real effect to all of parameterobserved.Application of Oil Palm Liquid Waste significantly affect the parameter number of upperpart fresh weight and root weight. Interaction of both do not give a real effect to all of parameterobserved. The best result from this experimental were obtained in the treatment of compositionplanting media at 70% Sub-soil + 30 OPEB compost and application of Palm Oil Liquid Waste at 3litre/plant