Early Complications After Radical Operations in Breast Cancer Patients

Breast cancer is one of the most common Malignancies in women. In many cases, a major component of complex treatment for breast cancer is surgery - radical mastectomy or radical breast resection.The aim of the work – to investigate the frequency and structure of complications after radical surgery with dissection of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients.Material and methods. The baseline and surgical results of 147 women with breast cancer who underwent radical mastectomy or radical breast resection with lymph node dissection were analysed.Results. Complications in the early period after surgery for breast cancer were found in 76 (51.7 %), including postoperative extremity edema in 60 (40.8 %); lymphorrhea – in 37 (25.2 %), seroma – in 33 (22.4 %); wound infection in 18 (12.2 %), necrosis of the wound edges – in 15 (10.2 %) patients. Correlation of postoperative edema with almost all other complications was found, lymphorrhea and seroma were most associated with swelling and with each other; necrosis of edges with postoperative edema. Wound infection was significantly associated with lymphorrhea. Patients' age, stage of disease, and immunohistochemical type of tumour did not affect the development of complications. With increasing BMI, the incidence of complications increased significantly (χ2=9.530; p=0.009). The tendency to decrease the frequency of complications during reconstructive surgery was revealed (42.6 % versus 58.1 %, p=0.064), and adjuvant radiotherapy, on the contrary, contributed to the increase of complications (57.8 % versus 43.8 %, p=0.090).Conclusion. Radical operations with lymph node dissection in patients with breast cancer are characterized by a high frequency of early postoperative complications, mainly associated with disorders of lymphatic outflow, which indicates the need for a set of measures of preoperative preparation, improvement of surgical technique

Complications of frontal defects

A case where the severe course of an orbital phlegmon led to a functionally and cosmetically poor condition is presented. Thirty-five years later, it was possible to achieve a satisfactory result through several operations performed with interdisciplinary cooperation. The orbit and forehead were reconstructed with porous polyethylene, thus ensuring a cosmetically good result. In two operations, the left eye was freed from its upward fixation through cicatrectomy and mobilization of the mucles, so that the eyes were straight again in the primary position. There is a limited binocular visual field. Binocular vision could be restored again after an interruption of 35 years

Supergravity Computations without Gravity Complications

The conformal compensator formalism is a convenient and versatile representation of supergravity (SUGRA) obtained by gauge fixing conformal SUGRA. Unfortunately, practical calculations often require cumbersome manipulations of component field terms involving the full gravity multiplet. In this paper, we derive an alternative gauge fixing for conformal SUGRA which decouples these gravity complications from SUGRA computations. This yields a simplified tree-level action for the matter fields in SUGRA which can be expressed compactly in terms of superfields and a modified conformal compensator. Phenomenologically relevant quantities such as the scalar potential and fermion mass matrix are then straightforwardly obtained by expanding the action in superspace.Comment: 10 pages; v2: references update

Extrahepatic complications of liver transplantation.

The massive surgical assault associated with hepatic transplantation makes a high frequency of complications almost inevitable. In this review of 225 patient records, selected at random from cases of liver transplantation in Pittsburgh over a 2 1/2 year period ending in January 1985, 87.2% of patients experienced at least one significant complication that threatened their survival or that of the graft and that often prolonged their hospitalization. Familiarity with the complications may facilitate earlier recognition, with consequently early and more effective management in future cases

Halting Progression of Stasis Dermatitis: Community Perspectives and Strategies for Prevention

Complications of stasis dermatitis including venous ulcers, osteomyelitis, and cellulitis all significantly increase morbidity and mortality of disease. Progression beyond stasis dermatitis and avoidance of the aforementioned complications are preventable with patient education and adherence to basic therapies including compression stockings and lifestyle modification. Therefore the goals of this project were to: assess the community’s understanding of stasis dermatitis and their awareness of its complications; use this information to help healthcare providers tailor their preventative health counseling accordingly; and provide education for patients on stasis dermatitis, its complications, and therapies/behavioral changes to prevent disease progression.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/fmclerk/1377/thumbnail.jp

Hallucinogens: mechanisms and medical complications

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityHallucinogens are drugs that alter consciousness by distorting primarily auditory and visual perception but they can affect any sensory system. Hallucinogens also affect judgment, orientation, memory, or emotion. Despite the profound alteration in perception, adverse effects are minimal and hallucinogens are not addictive. Hallucinogen use has its roots in shamanic practices of indigenous cultures and is even incorporated in today’s religions like the Native American Church. By putting a person in an altered state of consciousness, many religions believed that the user was able to see beyond the boundaries of reality and reach out to mythical beings. Hallucinogen use in scientific research was not popular until the 1950’s when Albert Hoffman discovered lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). The discovery of drug encouraged further research into understanding its mechanisms and its relationship with mental diseases like schizophrenia. Unfortunately, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 significantly limited hallucinogenic research and human research for the last 42 years. However, animal research in the last 20 years has determined the importance of serotonergic mechanisms and more specifically the 5-HT2A receptors in mediating LSD’s hallucinogenic effects. Researchers continue to identify mechanisms of LSD action. In addition to serotonergic actions, LSD is active with dopaminergic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. PET scans and fMRI’s have also revealed the importance of the prefrontal cortical region and its interaction with other areas during a hallucinogenic state. The relationship between LSD and acute psychosis is also being explored via animal models. Although human clinical research is limited, recent research sees a much deeper relationship by linking LSD brain activity and neurotransmitter levels to psychotic behaviors. This further understanding of hallucinogens on a physiological and psychological level has led to possible psychotherapeutic areas of research in anxiety and substance abuse. This thesis describes a brief history of hallucinogenic research, the pharmacology and neuroanatomy of serotonergic hallucinogens, the acute and chronic adverse effects of serotonergic hallucinogens, the possible treatments for complications of hallucinogens, the epidemiology, the relationship between hallucinogens and schizophrenia, and possible therapeutic uses of serotonergic hallucinogens. With its minimal adverse effects in humans and its powerful influence on the human psyche, serotonergic hallucinogens are invaluable tools for understanding the human mind