Analytical and Comparative Study of Change in Functional Purpose of Some Archaeological and Historical Architectures in Cairo During the 19th and 20th Centuries

This research paper aims to discuss the nature of change in the functional purpose of some archaeological and historical buildings in Cairo during the 19th and 20th centuries along with a comparative study of some of the most important heritage constructions and evidences in the world, such as the British Museum in London, as well as the Historical Railway Station of Orsay in Paris. There are some practical attempts and technical procedures that have been carried out to achieve some functional purposes, differ from the original purposes of the archaeological and historical buildings in Cairo in particular. In a similar way, this has been applied to historical and heritage buildings around the world in general. The methodology of this study will be addressed through analytical and comparative study of the original idea or the original functional purpose of these archaeological and historical buildings.The outlines and features of change in the functional purpose of these archaeological and historical buildings are represented in some technical procedures like the technique of adaptive rehabilitation or rehabilitation in terms of adaptation, so there is a necessity for conformity and harmony between heritage buildings and modern functional purpose, and this should be done without any disagreement and repulsion with the original functional purpose. There is also a necessity to protect the original functional purpose, which should be adapted to the modern functional purpose in order to achieve compatibility between old and new integration processes

A Comparative Study of Gender Language in Pride and Prejudice and Frankenstein Novels

This study deals with the similarities and differences of gender language expressed in Pride and Prejudice and Frankenstein Novels. The object of this study is to find out the similarities and differences of gender language which are expressed in Pride and Prejudice and Frankenstein novels .This study used descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected by documentary technique and the instrument of collecting data was documentary sheet. The data were analyzed by descriptive comparative. The findings indicated that there were some similarities and differences found between those two novels. The similarities were found in three features: a) Politeness; all the characters in Pride and Prejudice and Frankenstein novels used polite sentences b) Grammar; all the characters in novels used hypercorrect grammar c) Precise color terms; there was no found the using of this feature in novels. The differences were found in the other seven features: Lexical Hedges, Tag Question, Intensifier, Swear Words, Empty Adjective, Emphatic Stress, Rising Intonation on Declarative. In Pride and Prejudice, these seven features of gender language dominantly used by women, while in Frankenstein novel they dominantly used by men. It is hoped that the result of this study will be useful for anyone who wants to study about literary, especially gender language. Keyword : prose, novel, gender languag

Comparative Study on Contrast in Lighting Design at Retail Store Window Display

Store window display is the entryways for sales in retail industry. It has a big impact to lure customers to enter stores and make purchase, thus creating a big footprint on sales. Despite other factor on window display such as types of window display, placement, theme, layout and materials being used, lighting design has an important role on store window display. As one element in lighting designs, contrast can both attract consumers’ attention and interest in the merchandise being displayed and positively affect consumers’ footprints to store. Despite its potential, the impact of contrast in lighting often neglected on store window display. This review is intended to observe consumers’ attention and interest through comparative study in lighting brightness, lightness and contrast of different retail store window display. Contribution of this study is to give a new input on how to apply lighting contrast to draw attention and interest for customers in retail industry. These findings will also be beneficial for lighting practitioners, and students of interior and visual merchandising program. Keywords Lighting, Store window display, Retail, Shopping attitude, Attention, Attractivenes

A Comparative Study of Knowledge Regarding Emergency Care During Disaster Between Community Health Volunteers Working in Tsunami-affected and Non-affected Areas in Aceh Province, Indonesia

Purpose: This study aimed to describe and compare the level of knowledge regarding emergency care during disaster between community health volunteers (CHVs) working in the tsunami affected and non-affected areas in Aceh Province, Indonesia.Method: 144 CHVs from six districts in Aceh were studied during November 2011 to January 2012 to evaluate their level knowledge regarding emergency care during disaster between CHVs working in tsunami-affected 6-areas and non-tsunami-affected areas. The knowledge was assessed using the Community Health Volunteers' Knowledge Regarding Emergency Care Questionnaire (CHVK-ECQ) with 30 true/false statements. The composite scores of each area and the total score were calculated and transformed to percentage for ease of presentation.Results: Overall, the CHVs' knowledge in emergency care during disaster in Aceh was at a high level in both groups. However, subjects in non-affected areas had significantly higher mean rank of the overall knowledge than those in the affected areas (p = .02). In the tsunami area, the highest mean score of knowledge was in the disaster triage dimension (M= 80.62%), and the lowest mean score was in the first aid (60.48 %). In contrast, CHVs' knowledge in the non-tsunami areas had the highest mean score in the first aid (84.52 %) and had the lowest mean score in the disaster triage (64. 38 %).Conclusion: Although both groups had high levels of overall knowledge, an education program for improved knowledge in the areas of first aid, team organization, and disaster triage should be emphasized to refresh the CHVs' knowledge and skills for disaster management

A Comparative Study on Japanese and Indonesian Elementary School

Pendidikan dasar secara umum terbagi dalam dua lembaga pendidikan yakni sekolah dasar dan sekolah menengah pertama. Proses pendidikan yang berlangsung di sekolah dasar merupakan landasan yang sangat penting untuk proses pendidikan di lembaga selanjutnya. Tujuan yang sangat penting dari proses pendidikan di sekolah dasar adalah pengembangan otot, emosi, sosialisasi, pengenalan lingkungan,dan aspek kebahasaan. Kemudian, mulai kelas empat di sekolah dasar ,para siswa mendalami ilmu pengtahuan secara intensif. Sekolah dsar di Jepang menekankan pada pendidikan mental sehingga anak bisa lebih ulet, tabah, toleran, dan optimis dalam hidup bermasyarakat. Pendidikan moral, olah raga, ketrampilan, dan pendidikan kesejahteraan keluarga sangat penting dalampengembangan kepribadian siswa. Pelajaran matematika dan ilmu pengetahuan banyak diajarkan dengan pendekatan kontekstual di sekolah dasar di Indonesia dan Jepang. Kedua Negara juga mulai memberikan pelajaran Bahasa Inggris kepada siswa sekolah dasar untuk mengenalkan secara dini bahasa dab kebudayan bangsa lain serta mempersiapkan mereka dalam persaingan global. Melakukan studi banding terhadap kondisi pendidikan Negara lain membuat kita memperoleh informasi yang benar terhadap pencapaian kita dan Negara lain di bidang pendidikan serta membuat langkah-langkah perbaikan berdasarkan data yang terpercaya bukan kabar burung yang tidak jelas

Biomechanical Comparative Study Between Tension Band Wiring, Double Endo Button and Hook Plate for Acromioclavicular Joint Injury

Background: The treatment for acromioclavicular joint injury are debatable, there are fixation options include tension band wiring, AC joint reconstruction and hook plate These fixations are capable of providing a stable fixation, but controversy still exists that mentions the superiority of each of these fixationsPurpose: To compare biomechanical stability of 3 fixation include tension band wiring, double endo button, and hook plate to provide a scientific basis of the fixation.Methods: This research is an experimental in vitro. Using 27 acromioclavicular joints cadaver divided into three groups that performed tension band wiring fixation, double endo button and hook plate. Each fixation evaluated with 10, 20, 50 and 100 times repetitions with 100N traction force.Results: Tension band wiring gives the smallest displacement. In 10 times repetition average displacement of tension band wiring 0.056 mm (p = 0.000) compared to double endo button 1.622 mm and hook plate 0.867 mm. In 20 times repetitions, tension band wiring 0.1667 mm (p = 0,000) compared to double endo button 3.1778 mm and hook plate 1.1111 mm. In 50 times repetition, tension band wiring 0.3111 mm (p = 0.000) with double endo button 4.7778 mm and hook plate 1.3556 mm. In 100 times repetitions, tension band wire 0.556 mm (p = 0.000) while double endo button 5.4444 mm and hook plate 1.4556 mm.Conclusion: Tension band wiring have a good stability compared to double endo button and hook plate. But all of fixation provide stability for acriomioclavicular joint motion

Phone vs. Tangible in museums: A comparative study

Despite years of HCI research on digital technology in museums, it is still unclear how different interactions impact on visitors’. A comparative evaluation of smart replicas, phone app and smart cards looked at the personal preferences, behavioural change, and the appeal of mobiles in museums. 76 participants used all three interaction modes and gave their opinions in a questionnaire; participants interaction was also observed. The results show the phone is the most disliked interaction mode while tangible interaction (smart card and replica combined) is the most liked. Preference for the phone favour mobility to the detriment of engagement with the exhibition. Different behaviours when interacting with the phone or the tangibles where observed. The personal visiting style appeared to be only marginally affected by the device. Visitors also expect museums to provide the phones against the current trend of developing apps in a “bring your own device” approach

A Comparative Study Between Information Gap Task in Pair and Small Group Work of Students’ Speaking Ability

The purposes of the qualitative research were to find out the significant difference of students’ speaking ability between students who are taught through information gap task in pair and small group work and to determine which pattern is better in getting students to talk at second grade of SMAN 1 Seputih Raman. The study focused on pattern that is used in information gap task. The participants were the second grade of SMAN 1 Seputih Raman. The data were recorded and analyzed by using Independent group t-test (SPSS version 20). The data shows that there is significant different result in between pair and small group. Small group work has better pattern that encourages students to talk in information gaptechnique