The Fear of Litigation Study: The Impact of Medicine

See related event, "Beyond the Patients' Bill of Rights: Does America Need a New System of Medical Justice Medicine is clearly a highly dynamic and ever-changing field. Technological and scientific advances, the development of HMOs and managed care, as well as societal changes all shape it on an on-going basis. Although malpractice litigation has its roots back in the mid-1800s, one area of interest is how the increasingly litigious nature of American society today is influencing the field of medicine. Rather than explore the number of suits, the size of jury awards, or the costs of malpractice insurance, this survey sought to explore, through interviews with physicians, nurses and hospital administrators, how the fear of litigation affects the practice of medicine and the delivery of medical care. The results are striking. Concerns about liability are influencing medical decision-making on many levels. From the increased ordering of tests, medications, referrals, and procedures to increased paperwork and reluctance to offer off-duty medical assistance, the impact of the fear of litigation is far-reaching and profound.

The common good

Pojęcie dobra wspólnego jest pojęciem szerszym niż pojęcie interesu publicznego, na którym przez lata skupiała się uwaga doktryny i orzecznictwa. W obecnych czasach kryzysu państwa, którego podstawowe elementy omówiono w opracowaniu, refleksja nad pojęciem dobra wspólnego wydaje się szczególnie ważna dla ochrony podstaw idei oraz realizacji rządów prawa. Zakotwiczone w konstytucji ma także poważne konsekwencje dla oceny działań administracji publicznej, jak wskazuje bowiem doktryna, o ile interes publiczny dotyczy zawsze zbiorowości, o tyle dla dobra wspólnego może być niezbędna np. ochrona jednostki, jej godności, pozycji prawnej. Wskazano także, jak naruszenie zasad działania administracji publicznej w procesie legislacyjnym zagraża dobru wspólnemu. W artykule ukazano możliwe konkretyzacje pojęcia dobra wspólnego w prawie administracyjnym. Dotyczyć to może zarówno zadań administracji, jak i wykonywania kierownictwa w administracji publicznej. Przedstawiono postulaty badawcze w tym zakresie.The concept of the common good is a wider concept than the concept of public interest, which has for years been the focus of interest of the doctrine and judicial decisions. At the time of the current State crisis, the fundamental elements of which are discussed in the paper, a reflexion on the common good seems to be of particular importance for the protection of the fundamentals of the idea and the realisation of the rule of law. Both are anchored in the Constitution but have significant consequences for the evaluation of actions taken by public administration. Furthermore, as the doctrine shows, while public interest concerns a collective action, the common good requires the protection of an individual, their dignity and legal position. It has also been shown that the common good may be put in jeopardy as a result of the infringement of the principles according to which public administration functions. Possible concretisations of the concept of the common good in administrative law and consequently in the sphere of the performance of tasks or management in administration have been proposed and relevant directions of research programmes recommended

Our History Clips: Collaborating for the Common Good

This case study reveals how middle school social studies teachers within a professional development program are encouraging their students to use multiple disciplinary literacies to create Our History Clips as they also work toward developing a classroom community of engaged student citizens

Common Sense is Not Common. So How Can A Leader Make Good Decisions?

In education today there is a move away from top-down leadership toward a more inclusive, shared or participative leadership model. This model includes shared decision-making, which has the potential to empower and radically change any organization willing to take the risk of implementing this type of leadership. This article combines another important aspect of leadership to the concept of shared decision-making: servant leadership. With a servant-leader at the helm and shared decision-making in place, a school has the potential to grow in sync with the needs and desires of its stakeholders

"Action Timing as a Collusive Common Good"

Frequent revision of firms' actions facilitates to sustain tacit collusion. Even when some, not all, firms revise their actions with enhanced frequency, the change contributes positively to collusive sustainability, i.e., lowering the critical discount factor. In this sense, the added frequency in revising actions can be viewed as a common good shared among oligopolists. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that, in a large class of environments, a firm's deviation can be deterred by no more than one punisher, implying that at most two firms need to invest in frequent revision in order to sustain collusion.