1,561 research outputs found
Combining High-Level and Low-Level Approaches to Evaluate Software Implementations Robustness Against Multiple Fault Injection Attacks
International audiencePhysical fault injections break security functionalities of algorithms by targeting their implementations. Software techniques strengthen such implementations to enhance their robustness against fault attacks. Exhaustively testing physical fault injections is time consuming and requires complex platforms. Simulation solutions are developed for this specific purpose. We chose two independent tools presented in 2014, the Laser Attack Robustness (Lazart) and the Embedded Fault Simulator (EFS) in order to evaluate software implementations against multiple fault injection attacks. Lazart and the EFS share the common goal that consists in detecting vulnerabilities in the code. However, they operate with different techniques , fault models and abstraction levels. This paper aims at exhibiting specific advantages of both approaches and proposes a combining scheme that emphasizes their complementary nature
A Survey on Trust Metrics for Autonomous Robotic Systems
This paper surveys the area of Trust Metrics related to security for
autonomous robotic systems. As the robotics industry undergoes a transformation
from programmed, task oriented, systems to Artificial Intelligence-enabled
learning, these autonomous systems become vulnerable to several security risks,
making a security assessment of these systems of critical importance.
Therefore, our focus is on a holistic approach for assessing system trust which
requires incorporating system, hardware, software, cognitive robustness, and
supplier level trust metrics into a unified model of trust. We set out to
determine if there were already trust metrics that defined such a holistic
system approach. While there are extensive writings related to various aspects
of robotic systems such as, risk management, safety, security assurance and so
on, each source only covered subsets of an overall system and did not
consistently incorporate the relevant costs in their metrics. This paper
attempts to put this prior work into perspective, and to show how it might be
extended to develop useful system-level trust metrics for evaluating complex
robotic (and other) systems
A Touch of Evil: High-Assurance Cryptographic Hardware from Untrusted Components
The semiconductor industry is fully globalized and integrated circuits (ICs)
are commonly defined, designed and fabricated in different premises across the
world. This reduces production costs, but also exposes ICs to supply chain
attacks, where insiders introduce malicious circuitry into the final products.
Additionally, despite extensive post-fabrication testing, it is not uncommon
for ICs with subtle fabrication errors to make it into production systems.
While many systems may be able to tolerate a few byzantine components, this is
not the case for cryptographic hardware, storing and computing on confidential
data. For this reason, many error and backdoor detection techniques have been
proposed over the years. So far all attempts have been either quickly
circumvented, or come with unrealistically high manufacturing costs and
complexity.
This paper proposes Myst, a practical high-assurance architecture, that uses
commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware, and provides strong security
guarantees, even in the presence of multiple malicious or faulty components.
The key idea is to combine protective-redundancy with modern threshold
cryptographic techniques to build a system tolerant to hardware trojans and
errors. To evaluate our design, we build a Hardware Security Module that
provides the highest level of assurance possible with COTS components.
Specifically, we employ more than a hundred COTS secure crypto-coprocessors,
verified to FIPS140-2 Level 4 tamper-resistance standards, and use them to
realize high-confidentiality random number generation, key derivation, public
key decryption and signing. Our experiments show a reasonable computational
overhead (less than 1% for both Decryption and Signing) and an exponential
increase in backdoor-tolerance as more ICs are added
An Automated and Scalable Formal Process for Detecting Fault Injection Vulnerabilities in Binaries
Fault injection has increasingly been used both to attack software applications, and to test system robustness. Detecting fault injection vulnerabilities has been approached with a variety of different but limited methods. This paper proposes an extension of a recently published general model checking based process to detect fault injection vulnerabilities in binaries. This new extension makes the general process scalable to real-world implementions which is demonstrated by detecting vulnerabilities in different cryptographic implementations
Systematic Literature Review of EM-SCA Attacks on Encryption
Cryptography is vital for data security, but cryptographic algorithms can
still be vulnerable to side-channel attacks (SCAs), physical assaults
exploiting power consumption and EM radiation. SCAs pose a significant threat
to cryptographic integrity, compromising device keys. While literature on SCAs
focuses on real-world devices, the rise of sophisticated devices necessitates
fresh approaches. Electromagnetic side-channel analysis (EM-SCA) gathers
information by monitoring EM radiation, capable of retrieving encryption keys
and detecting malicious activity. This study evaluates EM-SCA's impact on
encryption across scenarios and explores its role in digital forensics and law
enforcement. Addressing encryption susceptibility to EM-SCA can empower
forensic investigators in overcoming encryption challenges, maintaining their
crucial role in law enforcement. Additionally, the paper defines EM-SCA's
current state in attacking encryption, highlighting vulnerable and resistant
encryption algorithms and devices, and promising EM-SCA approaches. This study
offers a comprehensive analysis of EM-SCA in law enforcement and digital
forensics, suggesting avenues for further research
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