Collections for automatic image annotation and photo tag recommendation

This paper highlights a number of problems which exist in the evaluation of existing image annotation and tag recommendation methods. Crucially, the collections used by these state-of-the-art methods contain a number of biases which may be exploited or detrimental to their evaluation, resulting in misleading results. In total we highlight seven issues for three popular annotation evaluation collections, i.e. Corel5k, ESP Game and IAPR, as well as three issues with collections used in two state-of-the-art photo tag recommendation methods. The result of this paper is two freely available Flickr image collections designed for the fair evaluation of image annotation and tag recommendation methods called Flickr-AIA and Flickr-PTR respectively. We show through experimentation and demonstration that these collection are ultimately fairer benchmarks than existing collections

Semantic Annotation of Digital Objects by Multiagent Computing: Applications in Digital Heritage

Heritage organisations around the world are participating in broad scale digitisation projects, where traditional forms of heritage materials are being transcribed into digital representations in order to assist with their long-term preservation, facilitate cataloguing, and increase their accessibility to researchers and the general public. These digital formats open up a new world of opportunities for applying computational information retrieval techniques to heritage collections, making it easier than ever before to explore and document these materials. One of the key benefits of being able to easily share digital heritage collections is the strengthening and support of community memory, where members of a community contribute their perceptions and recollections of historical and cultural events so that this knowledge is not forgotten and lost over time. With the ever-growing popularity of digitally-native media and the high level of computer literacy in modern society, this is set to become a critical area for preservation in the immediate future