A Critical Review on Energy-Efficient Medium Access Control for Wireless and Mobile Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) has garnered remarkable attention due to its wide supports for plenty of applications such as, health systems; military based applications, environmental monitoring, and tactical system. In ContentionBased Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols related to the energy consumption. In this paper, a combative review of energy consumption in Contention-Based MAC protocols was provided. Furthermore, a general comparison that stated the strengths and drawbacks with every utilized technique was offered. The main aim of this paper is to assist the researcher to choose the right protocol for developing purpose or further investigation regarding the performance

Hybrid Hierarchical Approach For Addressing Service Discovery Issues In MANETS.

Management of Mobile Ad-hoc Net works (MANETs) is very difficult, because the movement of nodes is unpredictable, frequently changing the topology of the network Consequently, Service Discovery (SD) in the network a perquisite for efficient usage of network resources, is a complex problem

An Energy Aware and Secure MAC Protocol for Tackling Denial of Sleep Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks which form part of the core for the Internet of Things consist of resource constrained sensors that are usually powered by batteries. Therefore, careful energy awareness is essential when working with these devices. Indeed,the introduction of security techniques such as authentication and encryption, to ensure confidentiality and integrity of data, can place higher energy load on the sensors. However, the absence of security protection c ould give room for energy drain attacks such as denial of sleep attacks which have a higher negative impact on the life span ( of the sensors than the presence of security features. This thesis, therefore, focuses on tackling denial of sleep attacks from two perspectives A security perspective and an energy efficiency perspective. The security perspective involves evaluating and ranking a number of security based techniques to curbing denial of sleep attacks. The energy efficiency perspective, on the other hand, involves exploring duty cycling and simulating three Media Access Control ( protocols Sensor MAC, Timeout MAC andTunableMAC under different network sizes and measuring different parameters such as the Received Signal Strength RSSI) and Link Quality Indicator ( Transmit power, throughput and energy efficiency Duty cycling happens to be one of the major techniques for conserving energy in wireless sensor networks and this research aims to answer questions with regards to the effect of duty cycles on the energy efficiency as well as the throughput of three duty cycle protocols Sensor MAC ( Timeout MAC ( and TunableMAC in addition to creating a novel MAC protocol that is also more resilient to denial of sleep a ttacks than existing protocols. The main contributions to knowledge from this thesis are the developed framework used for evaluation of existing denial of sleep attack solutions and the algorithms which fuel the other contribution to knowledge a newly developed protocol tested on the Castalia Simulator on the OMNET++ platform. The new protocol has been compared with existing protocols and has been found to have significant improvement in energy efficiency and also better resilience to denial of sleep at tacks Part of this research has been published Two conference publications in IEEE Explore and one workshop paper

Improving availability of mobile networks using a cluster routing protocol with redundant cluster head

We show a cluster based routing protocol in order to improve the convergence of the clusters and of the network it is proposed to use a backup cluster head. The use of a event discrete simulator is used for the implementation and the simulation of a hierarchical routing protocol called the Backup Cluster Head Protocol (BCHP). Finally it is shown that the BCHP protocol improves the convergence and availability of the network through a comparative analysis with the Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV)[1] routing protocol and Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP)[2

A critical review on energy-efficient medium access control for wireless and mobile sensor networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) has garnered remarkable attention due to its wide supports for plenty of applications such as, health systems; military based applications, environmental monitoring, and tactical system. In Contention Based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols related to the energy consumption. In this paper, a combative review of energy consumption in Contention-Based MAC protocols was provided. Furthermore, a general comparison that stated the strengths and drawbacks with every utilized technique was offered. The main aim of this paper is to assist the researcher to choose the right protocol for developing purpose or further investigation regarding the performance

Survey And New Approach In Service Discovery And Advertisement For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.

Service advertisement and discovery is an important component for mobile adhoc communications and collaboration in ubiquitous computing environments. The ability to discover services offered in a mobile adhoc network is the major prerequisite for effective usability of these networks. This paper aims to classify and compare existing Service Discovery (SD) protocols for MANETs by grouping them based on their SD strategies and service information accumulation strategies, and to propose an efficient approach for addressing the inherent issues

Layered-MAC: An Energy-Protected and Efficient Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks, the radio of the wireless sensor node happens to be the highest source of energy consumption. Hence, there is a need to focus on the MAC layer, as it controls access to the radio. While there are several existing techniques to make sensors more energy-efficient, not many of them consider the security aspects of energy efficiency. By this we mean, protecting energy from external attacks. The existing protocols focus mainly on either duty-cycling (Sensor-MAC, Time-out MAC) or clustering (Gateway MAC), as a way of conserving energy. One of such attacks to energy is the denial-of-sleep (DoSL) attack which is a specific kind of denial-of-service attacks designed to drain the energy of battery-powered sensors in a Wireless Sensor Network. This paper explains the development of a new MAC-layer protocol called Layered-MAC aimed at not just energy efficiency but energy protection against DoSL attacks. The protocol is implemented on the OMNET++ and Castalia simulator. The results from the simulation are then compared with two representative existing duty-cycled protocols (Time-out MAC and Sensor-MAC) and significant improvements are present. One of the benefits of the developed protocol is that, not only does it attempt to save energy, but it protects energy from DoSL attacks. There are two main contributions from this research – the first is the additional layer of network metrics (RSSI and LQI) consideration, based on the premise that protection/security is not possible without some form of measurement of assets, and the cluster head rotation which adds an extra layer of energy protection while considering energy efficiency

A critical analysis of research potential, challenges and future directives in industrial wireless sensor networks

In recent years, Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) have emerged as an important research theme with applications spanning a wide range of industries including automation, monitoring, process control, feedback systems and automotive. Wide scope of IWSNs applications ranging from small production units, large oil and gas industries to nuclear fission control, enables a fast-paced research in this field. Though IWSNs offer advantages of low cost, flexibility, scalability, self-healing, easy deployment and reformation, yet they pose certain limitations on available potential and introduce challenges on multiple fronts due to their susceptibility to highly complex and uncertain industrial environments. In this paper a detailed discussion on design objectives, challenges and solutions, for IWSNs, are presented. A careful evaluation of industrial systems, deadlines and possible hazards in industrial atmosphere are discussed. The paper also presents a thorough review of the existing standards and industrial protocols and gives a critical evaluation of potential of these standards and protocols along with a detailed discussion on available hardware platforms, specific industrial energy harvesting techniques and their capabilities. The paper lists main service providers for IWSNs solutions and gives insight of future trends and research gaps in the field of IWSNs

Trust-based energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of a number of distributed sensor nodes that are connected within a specified area. Generally, WSN is used for monitoring purposes and can be applied in many fields including health, environmental and habitat monitoring, weather forecasting, home automation, and in the military. Similar, to traditional wired networks, WSNs require security measures to ensure a trustworthy environment for communication. However, due to deployment scenarios nodes are exposed to physical capture and inclusion of malicious node led to internal network attacks hence providing the reliable delivery of data and trustworthy communication environment is a real challenge. Also, malicious nodes intentionally dropping data packets, spreading false reporting, and degrading the network performance. Trust based security solutions are regarded as a significant measure to improve the sensor network security, integrity, and identification of malicious nodes. Another extremely important issue for WSNs is energy conversation and efficiency, as energy sources and battery capacity are often limited, meaning that the implementation of efficient, reliable data delivery is an equally important consideration that is made more challenging due to the unpredictable behaviour of sensor nodes. Thus, this research aims to develop a trust and energy efficient routing protocol that ensures a trustworthy environment for communication and reliable delivery of data. Firstly, a Belief based Trust Evaluation Scheme (BTES) is proposed that identifies malicious nodes and maintains a trustworthy environment among sensor nodes while reducing the impact of false reporting. Secondly, a State based Energy Calculation Scheme (SECS) is proposed which periodically evaluates node energy levels, leading to increased network lifetime. Finally, as an integrated outcome of these two schemes, a Trust and Energy Efficient Path Selection (TEEPS) protocol has been proposed. The proposed protocol is benchmarked with A Trust-based Neighbour selection system using activation function (AF-TNS), and with A Novel Trust of dynamic optimization (Trust-Doe). The experimental results show that the proposed protocol performs better as compared to existing schemes in terms of throughput (by 40.14%), packet delivery ratio (by 28.91%), and end-to-end delay (by 41.86%). In conclusion, the proposed routing protocol able to identify malicious nodes provides a trustworthy environment and improves network energy efficiency and lifetime