108,566 research outputs found
A Survey of Location Prediction on Twitter
Locations, e.g., countries, states, cities, and point-of-interests, are
central to news, emergency events, and people's daily lives. Automatic
identification of locations associated with or mentioned in documents has been
explored for decades. As one of the most popular online social network
platforms, Twitter has attracted a large number of users who send millions of
tweets on daily basis. Due to the world-wide coverage of its users and
real-time freshness of tweets, location prediction on Twitter has gained
significant attention in recent years. Research efforts are spent on dealing
with new challenges and opportunities brought by the noisy, short, and
context-rich nature of tweets. In this survey, we aim at offering an overall
picture of location prediction on Twitter. Specifically, we concentrate on the
prediction of user home locations, tweet locations, and mentioned locations. We
first define the three tasks and review the evaluation metrics. By summarizing
Twitter network, tweet content, and tweet context as potential inputs, we then
structurally highlight how the problems depend on these inputs. Each dependency
is illustrated by a comprehensive review of the corresponding strategies
adopted in state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, we also briefly review two
related problems, i.e., semantic location prediction and point-of-interest
recommendation. Finally, we list future research directions.Comment: Accepted to TKDE. 30 pages, 1 figur
Review of Person Re-identification Techniques
Person re-identification across different surveillance cameras with disjoint
fields of view has become one of the most interesting and challenging subjects
in the area of intelligent video surveillance. Although several methods have
been developed and proposed, certain limitations and unresolved issues remain.
In all of the existing re-identification approaches, feature vectors are
extracted from segmented still images or video frames. Different similarity or
dissimilarity measures have been applied to these vectors. Some methods have
used simple constant metrics, whereas others have utilised models to obtain
optimised metrics. Some have created models based on local colour or texture
information, and others have built models based on the gait of people. In
general, the main objective of all these approaches is to achieve a
higher-accuracy rate and lowercomputational costs. This study summarises
several developments in recent literature and discusses the various available
methods used in person re-identification. Specifically, their advantages and
disadvantages are mentioned and compared.Comment: Published 201
Introducing the Spatial Conflict Dynamics indicator of political violence
Modern armed conflicts have a tendency to cluster together and spread
geographically. However, the geography of most conflicts remains under-studied.
To fill this gap, this article presents a new indicator that measures two key
geographical properties of subnational political violence: the conflict
intensity within a region on the one hand, and the spatial distribution of
conflict within a region on the other. We demonstrate the indicator in North
and West Africa between 1997 to 2019 to show that it can clarify how conflicts
can spread from place to place and how the geography of conflict changes over
time
A Fifty-Year Sustainability Assessment of Italian Agro-Forest Districts
DistrictAs cropland management and land use shifted towards more intensive practices, global
land degradation increased drastically. Understanding relationships between ecological and
socioeconomic drivers of soil and landscape degradation within these landscapes in economically
dynamic contexts such as the Mediterranean region, requires multi-target and multi-scalar approaches
covering long-term periods. This study provides an original approach for identifying desertification
risk drivers and sustainable land management strategies within Italian agro-forest districts. An
Environmental Sensitivity Area (ESA) approach, based on four thematic indicators (climate, soil,
vegetation and land-use) and a composite index of desertification risk (ESAI), was used to evaluate
changes in soil vulnerability and landscape degradation between the years 1960 and 2010. A
multivariate model was developed to identify the most relevant drivers causing changes in land
susceptibility at the district scale. Larger districts, and those with a higher proportion of their
total surface area classified as agro-forest, had a significantly lower increase in land susceptibility
to degradation during the 50 years when compared with the remaining districts. We conclude
that preserving economic viability and ecological connectivity of traditional, extensive agricultural
systems is a key measure to mitigate the desertification risk in the Mediterranean region
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