Analysis of time-to-event for observational studies: Guidance to the use of intensity models

This paper provides guidance for researchers with some mathematical background on the conduct of time-to-event analysis in observational studies based on intensity (hazard) models. Discussions of basic concepts like time axis, event definition and censoring are given. Hazard models are introduced, with special emphasis on the Cox proportional hazards regression model. We provide check lists that may be useful both when fitting the model and assessing its goodness of fit and when interpreting the results. Special attention is paid to how to avoid problems with immortal time bias by introducing time-dependent covariates. We discuss prediction based on hazard models and difficulties when attempting to draw proper causal conclusions from such models. Finally, we present a series of examples where the methods and check lists are exemplified. Computational details and implementation using the freely available R software are documented in Supplementary Material. The paper was prepared as part of the STRATOS initiative.Comment: 28 pages, 12 figures. For associated Supplementary material, see http://publicifsv.sund.ku.dk/~pka/STRATOSTG8

Assessment of the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss among infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in health centers of Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Materials and methods: In this prospective cohort study, 870 neonates were recruited by nonrandom sampling method. After filling in the demographic and clinical check lists, automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) was performed for neonates at the beginning of hospitalization; then they were followed-up and again they were assessed with AABR and for those babies who had abnormal AABR, auditory brainstem response (ABR) was performed before discharge at the same day

A bibliography of works for the identification of freshwater invertebrates in the British Isles

This bibliography covers the literature up to the end of 1978. The criteria used in the selection of references were that they should aid identification of invertebrates directly; thus, works solely concerned with the taxonomy of a particular group are in general omitted unless they contain a key. Some check-lists are however included where they give current nomenclature. The references are arranged alphabetically within each group and deal mainly with macro-invertebrates but include available keys to some microscopic invertebrates. Internal parasites and hymenopterous parasitoids are omitted. For insects the life stages to which the key applies are given where this is not clear in the reference. A number of keys to non-aquatic stages have been included in the hope that they may prove useful in certain circumstances. In addition, under a general head, latest check-lists are referred to together with bibliographies of algal keys and a guide for the identification of British water plants

The development of tape recorded discussions and check lists for evaluating progression in grades one through four.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Metodologia para a implementação de check lists em intervenções de reabilitação

A metodologia apresentada neste trabalho tem como principal objectivo servir de instrumento para a orientação das intervenções e dos intervenientes nos processos de reabilitação e manutenção de edifícios, contribuindo para tomadas de decisão mais fundamentadas, de modo a resolver os problemas actuais de forma eficaz e sustentada, não comprometendo a necessidade de futuras intervenções. Para tal, a metodologia aqui exposta resulta do desenvolvimento de um sistema de bases de dados e de conhecimentos relativos aos parâmetros envolvidos nos processos de reabilitação, que permite, entre outras coisas, a manipulação da informação sobre o estado dos elementos construtivos e as respectivas causas das anomalias verificadas, por forma a obter listagens das soluções de intervenção e dos trabalhos de reabilitação necessários. O desenvolvimento desta metodologia apresentou algum grau de dificuldade principalmente na atribuição de todas as relações admissíveis entre os dados das diferentes bases, ou seja, saber para cada elemento construtivo quais as anomalias a que o mesmo pode estar sujeito, as possíveis causas dessas anomalias, as soluções de reparação adequadas e os trabalhos necessários para as implementar de uma forma sustentada

Food contact materials and articles: Printing Inks:Check lists for compliance in industry and trade and control by food inspection

In-house control and the documentation of it is the basis for the assurance of compliance with legislation, in the food area and in the area of food contact materials (FCM). Safe use of FCM is a complicated area, in general, and specifically the use of printing inks and the critical points in the printing process. One of the goals for this check list is to contribute to the development of more uniform control and requirements for in-house control. Printing inks used in FCM are regulated by these general requirements and some uses are addressed more specifically , and as there is no specific legislation in the area in EU yet. In-house documentation is based on the assumption, that each link in the supply chain ensures compliance. The check lists set a frame with minimum requirements to all relevant links in the supply chain from producers to food industry and trade. The check lists are guidance to industry and trade in order to ensure compliance with the requirements in the FCM

UA96/3 Southern Normal School - Class Lists

Class lists for Southern Normal School and early Bowling Green Business University 1876-1910. These lists are incomplete and are part of UA96 Southern Normal School Records. Check KenCat for extant corresponding class portraits

Evaluation of clinical and demographic factors of the toxicity of pesticides in agriculture and social security referred to Imam Khomeini hospital of Ardabil in 1390

Introduction Increasingly population growth resulted to increase needs to agricultural production and foods. Unfortunately today, in most countries, especially in developing countries, pesticides weapons (poison) and chemical fighting play major role in protection products, often due to inadequate knowledge of pesticide users with the principles of proper fighting, this work is done incomplete or irregular. We intended to evaluate clinical symptoms, demographic properties and several factors in poisoning caused by herbal pesticides in persons who referred to Emam Khomeiny and Sabalan hospitals in Ardabil province in 2011. Material and Method This study carried out on all patients who referred to Emam Khomeiny and Sabalan hospitals in Ardabil province in 2011 with pesticides poisoning. In this study individual properties (age, gender, residence place, job, marriage statues) pesticide type, poisoning cause, poisoning season, mental and physical disease back ground and clinical symptoms were evaluated in check lists. After completing check lists obtained data were entered in to SPSS v16 software. Results In this study 245 patients (184 and 61 cases were hospitalized in Emam Khomeiny and Sabalan hospitals respectively) were enrolled. aluminum phosphide with 86 cases (35.1%) was the most common pesticide. Majority of patients with 162 patients (66.1%) were women, the age average of patients was 30.52 years and the most common age range was 20-30 years with 89 cases (36.3%). Summer season with 112 cases (39.7%) had the most reception; in 91 patients (77.95%) poisoning reason was intentional and the most common symptom was gastrointestinal in patients. 29.38% of patients with respiratory symptoms, 32.65% with neurological, 42.86% with ocular, 88.93% with gastrointestinal, 25.71% with cardiovascular and 7.75% with renal symptoms had referred. Conclusion As regard to morbidity, financial burden and morality, it is necessary that educational actions are done for protecting, proper usage to farmers, lack of availability, lack of storage in drink bottles and also applying labeled glassware for food storage