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Assessment of a low-profile planar antenna for a wireless sensor network monitoring the local water distribution network
This paper presents an assessment on the suitability of a low-profi le planar antenna for a
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) application monitoring the water supply at Fire Hydrants
(FHs). The antenna must have a low pro le so that it can be mounted on the FH lid; it must
have an omnidirectional radiation pattern so that it can communicate with base stations at
low elevations; and it must operate in the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scienti c and Medical (ISM)
band. Measurements show that for the majority of the 2.4 GHz ISM band, the antenna has
a return loss of at least -10 dB and e ciency greater than 60 %.
For the FH WSN assessment, the antenna was deployed as a transmitter mounted on
the FH lid above the underground FH chamber and a vertically polarised monopole antenna
mounted on a mast at various speci ed heights above ground level was used to measure the
received power as a function of distance. The path loss results were compared with those from
a previous deployment, where the FH antenna was located in the FH chamber, and it is found
that using the low-pro le antenna reduced the path loss by at least 10 dB over the measured
transmitter and receiver separation.This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in IET Wireless Sensor Systems and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The final version is available the IET Digital Library