WoodCircus, Underpinning the vital role of the forest-based sector in the Circular Bioeconomy. D2.2 Resource Efficiency, Side Streams and Value Chain Analysis – WP2 Final Report

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Supply Chain Carbon Management

Sustainable supply chain and carbon management have seen a growing interest in the last decade due to the increasing concerns about global warming and climate change. Policymakers, researchers, and executives have taken various roles in efforts to better measure and control greenhouse gas emissions. This book chapter aims to discuss the current state of the art, and key motivations for businesses to decrease emissions, and different policies and regulations that have been designed to incentivize carbon reduction and enhance the environmental awareness of all stakeholders. The chapter also examines the methodologies for measuring and managing carbon emissions of an organization and its supply chain. Further, it discusses carbon management issues related to reverse logistics, life cycle assessment and double counting of emissions

Sharpening the Cutting Edge: Corporate Action for a Strong, Low-Carbon Economy

Outlines lessons learned from early efforts to create a low-carbon economy, current and emerging best practices, and next steps, including climate change metrics, greenhouse gas reporting, effective climate policy, and long-term investment choices

GHG emission reduction measures and alternative fuels in different shipping segments and time horizons – A Delphi study

The bodies governing the global maritime industry have set short- and long-term targets for reducing GHG emissions from shipping. Various emission abatement measures exist, but their applicability in different contexts widely varies. The situation is unclear, especially for the so-called alternative fuels. These fuels hold the biggest emission reduction potential. Conversely, they are expensive, and the feasibility of investments in those technologies has high uncertainty. Despite a growing body of knowledge on the characteristics and potential of alternative fuels, no consensus exists as to which fuels would be best for each segment of the maritime industry – in the near future and the long run. We contribute with a Delphi study to fill this gap. Our results pinpoint the differences between the shipping segments and the short- and long-term choices for alternative fuels.© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Towards the IMO’s GHG goals: a critical overview of the perspectives and challenges of the main options for decarbonizing international shipping

The Initial Strategy on reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2018 commits the IMO to reduce total GHG emissions of shipping by at least 50% by 2050. Though the direction of the Strategy is clear, the path to implementation remains uncertain. The ambitious IMO’s target calls for widespread uptake of lower and zero-carbon fuels, in addition to other energy eciency measures, including operational and market ones. Using a triangulated research approach, this paper provides a critical overview of the main measures and initiatives the shipping industry can adopt to try to cope with the new IMO’s requirements. The pros and cons of the most popular emission reduction options are investigated along with the main challenges and barriers to implementation and the potential facilitators that could foster a wider application. The framework that is outlined is complex and not without controversy. Research can play a key role as a facilitator of shipping’s decarbonization by providing its contribution to overcoming the existing controversies on various decarbonization options and by developing a wealth of knowledge that can encourage the implementation of low-carbon initiatives

Improving Supplier Engagement as a Means to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions of a Global Company

The primary objective of this research is to provide a resource for corporations on how they can reduce their overall environmental impact and risk related to climate change by extending their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategy to include partnerships with suppliers, for instance third-party logistics contractors. A secondary objective is to create a management strategy for how companies can better align the environmental impact of third party contractors with those of the corporation as a whole. A detailed literature review was conducted to identify current CSR strategies for green supply chain management, including commonly used reporting platforms, accounting strategies, trends and drivers for Scope 3 emissions. Furthermore, a guidance for industry professionals is provided in the format of a case study using FMC Corporation (FMC). The case study included interviews with industry experts, a survey sent to individuals from prominent corporations based in the United States of America (US) with global footprints, benchmarking across the chemical sector and an evaluation of supplier engagement. The conclusion of the case study demonstrates the initial steps corporations should take to develop partnerships with organizations and their suppliers thereby identifying risks and opportunities to align their environmental goals and reduce their overall impacts

Making road freight transport more sustainable : Insights from a systematic literature review

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Carbon neutrality concept and progress

Sufficient scientific evidence now shows that Earth’s temperature is warmer than before. The temperature of the planet (global warming) is becoming s source of climate change that is estimated to have negative consequences for all living beings (Sovacool and Griffiths, 2020). Climate change, if it keeps moving in the direction in which it is heading now, will have severe consequences for anything and everything that exists on this planet. This is not a man-made story; rather, the argument is established upon the data collected by international organizations such as United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Environmental Protection Agency, and NASA, among others. Data on global warming have been gathered across multiple time periods and analyzed for a very long time to arrive at the conclusion of severe and unpleasant consequences for everyone and everything on the planet. Excessive carbon dioxide emis- sions is the main contributing factor of global warming. However, it is not only carbon dioxide that causes global warming—many other gases are harmful to the climate, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, as well as hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. This is not an exhaustive list, but for now, think of greenhouse gases as a catch-all term for the harmful substances we are pumping into the atmo- sphere. Since carbon dioxide has the most significant share among harmful gases, academic and nonacademic researchers study carbon dioxide more than other gases

Unlocking the Potential: Expert Insights on the Long-Term Compatibility of Forest Carbon Credits with the EU ETS

Abstract Forest-based carbon credits are crucial in most Emissions Trading Schemes as they offer a cost-efficient means of offsetting hard-to-abate emissions. To date, this has not been the case in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). However with the Paris Agreement rulebook now finalized, there could be an opportunity to revive this flexibility mechanism in European climate policy. Based on 24 expert interviews, we examined the forest potential within the EU ETS across short, medium, and long-term time frames. We found that the compliance system will remain blocked until 2030, but there is a greater likelihood of transitioning towards the inclusion of forest-based removals and reductions in the long term. Although forestry projects have faced significant reluctance in the EU, there is unanimous agreement on the importance of both technological solutions and such initiatives for climate protection. To fully leverage the potential of forest activity in the future, it will be necessary to adopt different methods and tools (e.g., liability regimes), stricter legislation on socio-economic factors (e.g., land use rights), overcoming implementation hurdles (e.g., do not compromise deterrence through mitigation), and maintaining an open political stance. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on the barriers and potentials of forestry projects within the compliance system of the EU which is essential to be addressed when re-opening the discussion on future eligibility. The implication of the findings suggest an immediate start to adopt to the barriers for carbon credit readiness in the next phase of the EU ETS beginning of 2030