Group size and group composition of the mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona) on the island of Grenada, West Indies

Cercopithecus, the genus of guenons, is the largest of the African primate genera, and yet more than half of the species belonging to this group have never been the focus of a long-term field study. In this paper, I present data on group size and composition for a previously unstudied population of guenons on the Caribbean island of Grenada. The mona monkey, Cercopithecus mona, was introduced to Grenada from Africa approximately 200-300 years ago. Two types of social groups were found for Cercopithecus mona on Grenerda: all-male groups consisting of two to four individuals and bisexual groups consisting of 5-32 individuals. All-male groups of Grenada mona monkeys contained any combination of juveniles, subadults, and/or adults. All-male groups were a common occurrence on Grenada but have never been reported for African C. mona and have been reported only in two other forest Cercopithecus species. Bisexual groups appeared to consist of one adult male, one to six adult females, subadult females, and juveniles and infants of both sexes. Even though no more than one adult male was ever seen in each bisexual group of monas on Grenada, other males were heard giving copulation calls simultaneously with resident adult male loud calls, suggesting that other males occasionally infiltrate bisexual groups. Am. J. Primatol. 43:767-173,1997.American Journal of Primatology 43(2): 167-17

Hind limb bones and locomotion in the Old World monkeys

A functional morphological study of the hind limbs of 49 species of cercopithecids reveals their respective positional behaviour. The result of the principal component analysis, based on sixty indices of the hind limb bones brings Colobus, Cercopithecus (including Miopithecus and Allenopithecus), Cercocebus,and Lophocebus, together, separating them from Macaca, Papio and Theropithecus in the first component. In the second component, colobinae are distinctly separated from the rest, with mangabeys being closest to them. The first component is interpreted to represent the adaptation to the substrata of locomotion, namely, arboreality and terrestriality; and the second their positional behaviour. Key words/phrases: Functional morphology, hind limb, Old World monkeys, principal component analysis, quadrupedalism SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science Vol.25(2) 2002: 205-22

Les Associations polyspécifiques chez les Cercopithecidae du Gabon

International audienceIn North East Gabon, certain species of Cercopithecidoe are more often found in mixed troops than in monospecific bands. We have studied these interspecific associations in four diff erent regions: two tropical rain forest regions (of which one was periodically flooded) subject to low hunting pressures, and two degraded forests bordering native villages where intensive hunting took place. The results were analyzed statistically according to Fager's method (1957) which tests interspecific affinities. Cercopithecus cephus appears to be the species most often involved in associations (86.6 % of observed cases). In rain-forests, it associates mostly with C. nictitans, while in a degraded environment, it joins Miopithecus talapoin. This association tendency is also found in Cercocebus albigena, Cercopithecus nictitans and C. mona. Talapoins are found as often associated as alone. In our study area, C. neglectus was never observed in a mixed group. Different types of associations exist, ranging from a parallel existence of two (up to five) separate troops to a complete intermingling. In non-hunted zones, these associations are stable from one day to the next as well as over the years. Daily fluctuations occur however, most polyspecific troops being observed in the morning and evening. At nightfall monospecific bands tend to join and mingle with other species for the night. In degraded zones, the associations with the Talapoin scem to be a result of its "hunt-free" status. Native hunters do not hunt this monkey and therefore, any other "game" species associating with it benefit by its presence. Intraspecific agonistic behaviour appears to be absent even though the polyspecific groups share the same food habits (direct observation and stomach content analysis). It is this absence of competition, linked no doubt with the local abundance of available food, which probably makes these associations possible. An increase in troop size means a decrease in predator approaches going unnoticed and, consequently, the monkeys benefit from these associations. But this safety-in-numbers hypothesis may not explain satisfactorily the intraspecific association preferences which have been observed.Au N.-E. du Gabon, certaines espèces de Cercopithecidae se rencontrent plus souvent associées entre elles qu'en bandes mono-spécifiques. Nous avons étudié ces associations entre espèces dans 4 régions différentes : une région de forêt primaire et une de forêt primitive inondée, toutes deux constituant des zones peu chassées, et deux régions de forêt dégradée situées près des villages africains où la pression de chasse est intense. Les résultats ont été exploités statistiquement selon la méthode de Fager (1957), qui permet de tester l'affinité existant entre deux espèces. Cercopithecus cephus apparaît comme le singe le plus souvent associé (86,6 % des cas de rencontres) ; il s'associe principalement en forêt primaire avec C. nictitans et en milieu dégradé avec Miopithecus talapoin. La tendance à l'association se manifeste également chez Cercocebus albigena, Cercopithecus nictitans et C. mona. Le Talapoin se rencontre aussi souvent associé que seul. Quant à C. neglectus, il ne manifeste, dans nos régions, aucune tendance à s'associer avec d'autres espèces. Les associations sont de divers types, allant de la juxtaposition, de deux (et jusqu'à 5) bandes d'espèces différentes jusqu'à leur mélange complet. En zones non chassées, elles sont durables d'un jour à l'autre et également d'une année sur l'autre; elles montrent toutefois des variations au cours de la journée, le maximum de bandes mixtes se rencontrant le matin et le soir. Il semble qu'il y ait regroupement des espèces pour la nuit. En zone dégradée les associations avec le Talapoin apparaissent en partie comme une conséquence de la chasse, cette espèce n'étant pas considérée comme un gibier par les Africains et assurant ainsi une certaine protection aux espèces chassées qui s'associent avec elle. Les comportements agonistiques semblent absents entre les espèces différentes bien qu'elles exploitent apparemment le même milieu (observations directes et étude des contenus stomacaux). C'est cette absence de compétition, liée sans doute à l'abondance de nourriture dans ce milieu, qui rend possible ces associations. Les animaux en retirent une sécurité plus grande, l'augmentation du nombre d'individus permettant un repérage meilleur des dangers éventuels. Mais cette notion de sécurité n'est pas suffisante pour expliquer les préférences entre espèces que l'on observe dans ces associations

Myologie fonctionnelle de la queue préhensile des singes du Nouveau Monde (Platyrrhini, Primates)

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

The mammals of the Transvaal.

Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1978.The primary object of this study is to provide a checklist of the mammals occurring within the Transvaal. A general biological account of each species forms the bulk of this treatise, - discussing, in order of sequence, firstly the taxonomic status of each species as based on a study of available museum specimens. Thereafter the distribution of each species is discussed, and illustrated with a map of known distribution. Remarks are presented on the various environmental factors that may influence individual species ranges. Habitat preferences, habits, and food preferences are then discussed. Available data on breeding seasonality, as based on the monthly ratio of reproductively active and inactive females, are given. External measurements and masses of males and females are tabulated. Records of occurrence based on the number of museum specimens from each locality, and the institution where these specimens are housed, are finally listed for each species. The text is supplemented by a gazetteer, giving the latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates of all the collecting localities. This study is based on some 12 000 museum specimens, the greatest majority housed in the Transvaal Museum collections. During the field work phase of this project, 57 localities were sampled. This yielded the majority of the specimens and the greater part of the data on which this book is based. Information gained from a study of earlier collected material supplements these data files. Additional information such as sight records, field observations, and the published accounts of other scientists, have also been incorporated into the central data files and have been discussed in relation to my own findings. The results of selected studies comprise the discussion. The basic behavioural trends and mean mass of all the carnivore species of the Transvaal are employed to speculate on how interspecific competition is avoided. The distribution of all southern African mammals is employed to statistically evaluate the validity of the biotic zones previously empirically recognized for this subcontinent. The distribution patterns of Transvaal mammals are statistically analysed to subdivide the biotic zones overlying the Transvaal into community types of zoogeographical significance. Other zoogeographical phenomena are discussed in relation to regional species diversity. Reprints of papers arising from this study, and particularly the discussion, are bound in as appendices to this report

Alexandri Ab Alexandro Ivrisperiti Neapolitani Genialivm Diervm Libri Sex, Varia Ac Recondita Ervditione Referti : Accuratius qu`am antehac excusi, cum duplice indice

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