ANALISA KONSENTRASI POLIFENOL DALAM TEH HIJAU MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALISIS SPEKTOFOTOMETRI VISIBEL (The Analysis of Polifenol Concentration in Green Tea Using Visible Spectrofotometri Analysis Method)

Polyphenol in tea or often referred to as catechins are different substances with catechins contained in other plants. Catechins in tea do not adversely affect the digestion of food. Tea catechins are antimicrobial (bacteria and viruses), antioxidants, antiradiate, strengthen blood vessels, launch secretions and inhibit cancer cell growth. Catechins are a major group of green tea substances and most influential on all components of tea. In polyphenol removal using extraction method using 96% ethanol. The purpose of extraction is to withdraw the chemical components present in the material. This extraction is based on the principle of mass transfer of the component of the substance into the solvent, where the displacement begins at the interface layer and diffuses into the solvent. Spectrophotometer is a device used to measure relative energy if the energy is transmitted, reflected or emitted as a function of wavelength. In practice the concentration analysis of polyphenols using Visibel spectrophotometric instrument with 725nm wavelength. In making variable analysis of polyphenol concentration in green tea using tea with brand of bottle cap tea. It is known that bottled cap tea contains little concentration of polyphenols because bottle caps are included in green tea at low prices which contain little polyphenols. The result of polyphenol experiment of green tea samples obtained concentration 51.66, 53.50, 64.57, 73.80, 79.33, 83.02, 94.09 and 95.94 (ppm). Keywords : Pholypenol,Extraction,SpectrophotometryVisibl

ANALISA KANDUNGAN POLIFENOL PADA PUCUK DAUN TEH HASIL PERKEBUNAN KEMUNING MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALISIS SPEKTOFOTOMETRI VISIBEL (Analyze The Content of Polyphenols Tea Leaves of Plantation of Kemuning Using Visible Spectrofotometri Analysis Method)

Polyphenols in tea or often referred to as catechins are different substances with catechins contained in other plants. Catechins in tea do not adversely affect the digestion of food. Tea catechins are antimicrobial (bacteria and viruses), antioxidants, antiradiate, strengthen blood vessels, launch secretions and inhibit cancer cell growth. Catechins are a major group of green tea substances and most influential on all components of tea. In this experiment aims to determine the levels of polyphenols contained in the tea top shoots gambyong tea brand by spektofotometric method using Visible Spectrophotometric tool. The wavelength used is 725 nm as the wavelength to analyze the polyphenol content in the solution because at this wavelength the absorbance of the rays has the maximum value. The result of polyphenol sampling of shoot yellow tea is obtained concentration of 6,642; 11,255; ; 24,908; 27,122; 39,668; 42.435 and 50.923 (ppm). Precision obtained from the results of the lab is 56.5%. Uncertainty of the experimental curve is 27.56% so the certainty is 72.44%. While the value of accuracy on the lab is 80.67%. Validation coefficient value is 9,59%. Keywords :Pholiphenol, SpectrophotometryVisibl

Polyphenon E enhances the antitumor immune response in neuroblastoma by inactivating myeloid suppressor cells

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Note: In this manuscript as well as in the original published version of this article the word "Polyphenon" was incorrectly spelled in the title as "Polyphenol."Purpose: Neuroblastoma is a rare childhood cancer whose high risk, metastatic form has a dismal outcome in spite of aggressive therapeutic interventions. The toxicity of drug treatments is a major problem in this pediatric setting. In this study, we investigated whether Polyphenon E, a clinical grade mixture of green tea catechins under evaluation in multiple clinical cancer trials run by the National Cancer Institute (Bethesda, MD), has anticancer activity in mouse models of neuroblastoma. Experimental Design: We used three neuroblastoma models: (i) transgenic TH-MYCN mouse developing spontaneous neuroblastomas; (ii) nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice xenotransplanted with human SHSY5Y cells; and (iii) A/J mice transplanted with syngeneic Neuro 2A cells. Mice were randomized in control and Polyphenon E–drinking groups. Blood from patients with neuroblastoma and normal controls was used to assess the phenotype and function of myeloid cells. Results: Polyphenon E reduced the number of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, and inhibited the development of spontaneous neuroblastomas in TH-MYCN transgenic mice. In therapeutic models of neuroblastoma in A/J, but not in immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice, Polyphenon E inhibited tumor growth by acting on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and CD8 T cells. In vitro, Polyphenon E impaired the development and motility of MDSCs and promoted differentiation to more neutrophilic forms through the 67 kDa laminin receptor signaling and induction of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The proliferation of T cells infiltrating a patient metastasis was reactivated by Polyphenon E. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the neuroblastoma-promoting activity of MDSCs can be manipulated pharmacologically in vivo and that green tea catechins operate, at least in part, through this mechanism.SPARKS, Research in Childhood Cancer, the CGD Research Trust, and the Wellcome Trust

Flow injection determination of total catechins and procyanidins in white and red wines

An easily automatable flow-injection (FI) method for the determination of total catechins is reported. The method is based on the reaction of vanillin in acid medium to yield a coloured product with maximum absorption at 500 nm. After optimisation by the univariate and multivariate approaches as required, the linear range was established (between 10 and 90 mgL-1 and 10 and 250 mgL-1 for white and red wines, respectively). Then, the assessment of the proposed versus the reference method was studied in terms of repeatability (2.57 mgL-1), reproducibility (3.56 mgL-1) (no significant differences were found), detection and quantification limits (not far from those of the reference method and always sufficient for the determination of catechins in any type of wine), traceability (excellent correlation under all conditions) and sample throughput (23 samples h-1 for the proposed method versus 3 samples h-1 for the reference method)

\u3ci\u3eCamellia sinensis\u3c/I\u3e constituents: A Review of Oral Cancer Prevention

Historically, Camellia sinensis (tea) is a plant that has been known to contain antioxidants. Antioxidants such as catechins have been demonstrated to be chemopreventive agents. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the anticancer properties of tea, and its constituents. Since tea is taken orally, and one of the easiest entrances into the human body for microbes is through the oral cavity, this review will focus mainly on oral cancer. Through animal and epidemiological studies, the main active ingredient responsible for the anticancer properties of tea has been determined to be the catechin (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Tea constituents were analyzed through the use of HPLC and confirmed by comparison to authentic standards and mass spectrometry. The results obtained from some studies conflicted with earlier notions that tea catechins act as antioxidants, inhibiting cancer cells. They discovered the catechins to have a pro-oxidant effect, generating reactive oxygen species, such as H2O2. Methods of cancer inhibition were also explored, including cell cycle arrest at certain checkpoints and induction of apoptosis, the active process of cell death. Results from a current study were also examined. Anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects of green and white teas were determined using the plaque method and the Kirby-Bauer, disk-diffusion technique. Results indicated the power of whole tea and tea constituents alongside toothpaste and gum. More than 99% inactivation of viruses was obtained in ten minutes using Tom’s of Maine toothpaste with white tea, whereas infusion of tea into chewing gum yielded over 90% inactivation. Furthermore, distinct zones of inhibition were present for toothpastes and gum treated with tea than for the oral agents by themselves. The future of the research was also briefly discussed. Although many studies have shown beneficial properties of Camellia sinensis, much more epidemiological research remains to be conducted in order to observe the effects on human cancer cells

The peroxidation of leukocytes index ratio reveals the prooxidant effect of green tea extract

Despite tea increased plasma nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity, the European Food Safety Administration (EFSA) denied claims related to tea and its protection from oxidative damage. Furthermore, the Supplement Information Expert Committee (DSI EC) expressed some doubts on the safety of green tea extract (GTE). We performed a pilot study in order to evaluate the effect of a single dose of two capsules of a GTE supplement (200mg x 2) on the peroxidation of leukocytes index ratio (PLIR) in relation to uric acid (UA) and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), as well as the sample size to reach statistical significance. GTE induced a prooxidant effect on leukocytes, whereas FRAP did not change, in agreement with the EFSA and the DSI EC conclusions. Besides, our results confirm the primary role of UA in the antioxidant defences. The ratio based calculation of the PLIR reduced the sample size to reach statistical significance, compared to the resistance to an exogenous oxidative stress and to the functional capacity of oxidative burst. Therefore, PLIR could be a sensitive marker of redox status

Effects of Cultivation Conditions for Apples on Growth Rates of Fruit Fly Larvae and Contents of Phenolics

Apples were grown with 3 different alleyway groundcover management strategies, providing a wide range of nutrient availabilities to the trees, spanning the ranges normally found in both conventional and organic orchards. These treatments had significant effects on both yields and incidence of fungal diseases. However, the differences in yields and disease incidence cancelled each other out, resulting in identical average yields of marketable fruit, as reported earlier (Lindhard Petersen & Bertelsen 2002). These results indicated that the composition of the fruit may also differ, and that this material is useful as a model for investigating how growth conditions influence the content of nutritionally relevant compounds, and thus may affect the health of humans and animals. In a preliminary study, two species of fruit flies were reared on material from each of the 3 cultivation treatments, and the time when 50% of the flies in each vial had emerged was calculated. Development duration, hours Treatment: Annual clovergrass Perennial clovergrass Perennial grass (high N availability) (medium N availability) (low N availability) Species: D. melanogaster: 256 271 286 Drosophila hydei: 456 475 557 The fruit from each treatment, as well as corresponding fruit treated with pesticides, was analysed for contents of phenolic compounds. The number of flies produced in each treatment did not differ systematically, but observations indicate that the fastest development also resulted in the heaviest animals. It should be pointed out that excessive growth rates (obesity) is a major health risk in affluent human societies. This material is also used in ongoing rat feeding experiments

In vitro inhibition of Helicobacter pylori urease with non and semi fermented Camellia sinensis

Purpose: Helicobacter pylori is the etiological agent in duodenal and peptic ulcers. The growing problem of antibiotic resistance by the organism demands the search for novel compounds, especially from natural sources. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Camellia sinensis extracts on the urease enzyme that is a major colonization factor for H. pylori. Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations of nonfermented and semifermented C. sinensis methanol: water extracts were assessed by broth dilution method. Examination of the urease function was performed by Mc Laren method, and urease production was detected on 12% SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from whole cell and membrane bound proteins. Results: Both extracts had inhibitory effects against H. pylori and urease production. At a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml of nonfermented extract and 3.5 mg/ml of semifermented extract the production of Ure A and Ure B subunits of the urease enzyme were inhibited completely. A concentration of 4 mg/ml of nonfermented and 5.5 mg/ml of semifermented extract were bactericidal for H. pylori. Conclusions: C. sinensis extracts, especially the nonfermented, could reduce H. pylori population and inhibit urease production at lower concentrations. The superior effect of nonfermented extract is due to its rich polyphenolic compounds and catechin contents