Cytotoxic Activity of Ascidian Eudistoma SP. From Mantehage Island Manado

Koloni Ascidian genus Eudistoma telah dikoleksi dari perairan Pulau Mantehage, Sulawesi Utara Indonesia. Ekstrak kasar metanolik dari Eudistoma sp. yang diuji sitotoksisitasnya terhadap koloni hamster China (V79) memperlihatkan aktivitas sitotoksik yang tinggi pada pertumbuhan koloni hamster (V79) dimana Eudistoma sp. menunjukkan daya hambat yang kuat (99,5% inhibisi pada 50 μg/mL), uji sitotoksisitas ekstrak kasar Eudistoma sp. terhadap sel kanker HCT-15 (kanker usus) dan sel Jurkat (leukemia) memperlihatkan bahwa organism ini menghambat pertumbuhan HCT-15, dan pada sel Jurkat (leukeumia) menunjukkan penghambatan aktivitas yang lemah. Nilai konsentrasi penghambatan (IC50) terhadap HCT-15 adalah 81.2% pada 50 μg/Ml dan terhadap sel Jurkat adalah 35.4% pada 50 μg/mL. Uji bioesei antimikrobial tidak menunjukkan adanya aktivitas terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candidaalbicans dan Mucorhiemalis). Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ascidian Eudistoma sp. memiliki sifat aktivitas sitotoksik yang tinggi dan sebagai antikanker sehingga dapat direkomendasikan untuk diteliti lebih lanjut sebagai bahan obat di bidang farmakologi

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of geranylmethoxyhydroquinone derivatives

Indexación: Web of Science; ScieloEl geranilo-2 ,4-sintético nuevo methoxyhydroquinone 1 y el conocido geranilo-4 ,5 methoxyhydroquinone- 2 se prepararon por sustitución electrófila aromática (EAS) reacciones entre geraniol y 1,3,5-trimethoxyphenol utilizando BF 3 · Et 2 O como un catalizador. Además, los nuevos derivados geranylmethoxyhydroquinones (3-6) se obtuvieron mediante transformaciones químicas de 1 y 2. Los compuestos se han evaluado por sus actividades citotóxicas contra PC-3 línea celular humana de cáncer de próstata, MCF 7-y humano MDA-MB-231 las células de cáncer de mama líneas y dengue hemorrágico cutánea fibroblastos humanos. IC 50 valores para los compuestos 1 y 5 varió en el nivel mu M 80.http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-97072012000300005&lng=es&nrm=is

Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Anredera Cordifolia Leaves Extract Towards Hela Cells

Cervical cancer is second rank cancer in female cancer incidence all over the world and the strategy therapy against this disease is addressing cancer cells without endanger normal cells. Discovering potentially selective anticancer agent from plants for the treatment of cervical cancer has become a very challenging area of research worldwide. Our previous study Anredera cordifolia, commonly named as binahong in Indonesia, revealed cytotoxic activity on HeLa cervical cancer cells with IC50 75 µg/mL. However, the selectivity of the chemical agent and its molecular target has still remained a question. The current study was aimed at investigating the selectivity of ethanolic extract of A. cordifolia leaf (EAC) on Vero cells and its molecular target on HeLa cells. The extracts were prepared by macerating Anredera cordifolia leaf powder in 70% ethanol. The assessment of the viability of Vero cells was carried out using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; while the cell cycle analysis of HeLa cells was probed by using flow cytometry. Based on the cell cycle analysis, the molecular target of the extract was investigated by immunocytochemical staining. The present study exhibited the selective cytotoxicity of EAC on HeLa cells compared to Vero cells with a Selectivity Index (SI) of 17.36. It arrested cell cycle on G1/S phase and suppressed Bcl–2 expression, anti-apoptotic protein, which also regulates cell cycle. Therefore, the current piece of work endorses the use of EAC as a promising anticancer agent in the treatment of cervical cancer. EAC may be used as a selective anticancer agent on HeLa cells

Chemical investigation of a biologically active schinus molle L. leaf extract

The pepper tree Schinus molle L. is an evergreen ornamental plant belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, native to South America and widespread throughout the world. It has biological activities and is used in folk medicine. This paper aims to contribute to a deeper knowledge of its chemical composition and biological properties. S. molle leaf extracts were obtained by sequential extraction with solvents of different polarities and subsequently tested on the HL-60 human leukaemia cell line to define a possible cytotoxic activity. Among the investigated extracts, the petroleum ether extract revealed a high cytotoxic activity, and its chemical composition was further investigated. By a silica column chromatography, eight fractions were obtained, and their compositions were determined by GC-MS analysis. Compounds and relative abundance differed widely among the fractions; sesquiterpenes resulted the main component and alcoholic sesquiterpenes the most abundant

Interleukin-10 containing normal human serum inhibits granzyme B release but not perforin release from alloreactive and EBV-specific T cell clones

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), also known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It is capable of inhibiting synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferon γ (IFNγ), IL-2, IL-3, tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) made by cells such as macrophages and T helper Type 1 cells. We observed that normal human serum, derived from a healthy individual but containing large amounts of IL-10 (arbitrarily designated as "IL-10 serum"), inhibited cytotoxic activity and interfered with granzyme B release from alloreactive cytotoxic T cell (CTL) clones _in vitro_, but did not affect perforin release. The addition of normal human serum containing high levels of anti-IL-10 IgG (arbitrarily designated as "anti-IL-10 IgG serum") neutralized the inhibitory effects of IL-10 serum. Moreover, we have identified that cytotoxic activity and granzyme B release from an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CTL clone was similarly inhibited in the presence of IL-10 serum, while perforin release was unaffected. Anti-IL-10 IgG serum also appeared to neutralize the inhibitory effect of IL-10 serum on an EBV-specific CTL clone

Cytotoxic Activity Of Fraction N-heksana : Chloroform From Methanolic Extract Of Rhizopora Mucronata Stem Barks On Myeloma Cell-lines

The Mangrove plants have been long used for traditional medicine to cure gastroenteritis and cancer theraphy. Rhizopora mucronata, one species of Mangrove, is still rare studied that have potention as anti cancer. This research goals was to fractination bioactive compound of R. mucronata with various organic solvent and cytotoxicity test of those fraction n-heksana : chloroform to cancer cell myeloma. The extract from R. mucronata stem barks was made by maseration with methanol. The extracts was partitioned with chloroform, etil acetate, and methanol. The fraction of chloroform was fractination with n-heksana : chloroform (3 : 2). The fraction respectively was examined their cytotoxicity on Myeloma cell-line by MTT methods. Result showed that fraction n-heksana : chloroform from methanolic extract of R. mucronata stem barks was toxic on Myeloma cell, with the IC50 value was 15 µg/mLand phytochemical study showed that the active fractions contained flavonoid and terpenoid

Occurrence and a possible mechanism of penetration of natural killer cells into k562 target cells during the cytotoxic interaction

The cytotoxic interaction between cloned human Natural Killer (NK) cells and K562 target cells was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and conventional fluorescence microscopy. We observed, using fixed as well as living cells, the occurrence of (pseudo)emperipolesis during the interaction. About 30% of conjugated NK cells penetrated, partly or completely, into the target cells (in-conjugation). Virtually all in-conjugated target cells exhibited polymerized actin. Killer cells of in-conjugates were frequently seen approaching the target cell nucleus or aligning along it. If the cytotoxic process was inhibited by the absence of calcium neither actin polymerization nor in-conjugation were observed. A kinetic study showed that in-conjugation starts somewhat later than actin polymerization but still within a few minutes after addition of calcium to conjugates previously formed in the absence of calcium. The presence of cytochalasin D (an inhibitor of actin polymerization) completely inhibited in-conjugation and partly reduced the cytotoxic activity. Zinc ions (endonuclease inhibition) inhibited in-conjugation and decreased the total number of target cells with polymerized actin in a concentration dependent manner. Cytotoxic activity was also reduced but not as efficiently as in-conjugation. \ud Our study demonstrates that in-conjugation represents a significant fraction of the cytotoxic interaction. The results indicate that it may be a consequence of an actin polymerization and endonuclease activity dependent part of a cytotoxic mechanism. \u

Human adenocarcinoma cell line sensitivity to essential oil phytocomplexes from pistacia species: A multivariate approach

Principal component analysis (PCA) multivariate analysis was applied to study the cytotoxic activity of essential oils from various species of the Pistacia genus on human tumor cell lines. In particular, the cytotoxic activity of essential oils obtained from P. lentiscus, P. lentiscus var. chia (mastic gum), P. terebinthus, P. vera, and P. integerrima, was screened on three human adenocarcinoma cell lines: MCF-7 (breast), 2008 (ovarian), and LoVo (colon). The results indicate that all the Pistacia phytocomplexes, with the exception of mastic gum oil, induce cytotoxic effects on one or more of the three cell lines. PCA highlighted the presence of different cooperating clusters of bioactive molecules. Cluster variability among species, and even within the same species, could explain some of the differences seen among samples suggesting the presence of both common and species-specific mechanisms. Single molecules from one of the most significant clusters were tested, but only bornyl-acetate presented cytotoxic activity, although at much higher concentrations (IC50 = 138.5 \ub5g/mL) than those present in the essential oils, indicating that understanding of the full biological effect requires a holistic vision of the phytocomplexes with all its constituents

Fighting viral infections and virus-driven tumors with cytotoxic CD4+ T cells

CD4+ T cells have been and are still largely regarded as the orchestrators of immune responses, being able to differentiate into distinct T helper cell populations based on differentiation signals, transcription factor expression, cytokine secretion, and specific functions. Nonetheless, a growing body of evidence indicates that CD4+ T cells can also exert a direct effector activity, which depends on intrinsic cytotoxic properties acquired and carried out along with the evolution of several pathogenic infections. The relevant role of CD4+ T cell lytic features in the control of such infectious conditions also leads to their exploitation as a new immunotherapeutic approach. This review aims at summarizing currently available data about functional and therapeutic relevance of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in the context of viral infections and virus-driven tumors