COMS Visible Channel Calibration Using Moon Observation Data

COMS (Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite) has been in operation since April 2011. The COMS MI (Meteorological Imager) has one visible and four infrared channels. Through the use of the GSICS (Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System), the KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) has monitored the radiometric performance of the COMS visible channel through its own calibration system and the use of four different earth targets: ocean, desert, water cloud, and DCC (Deep Convective Cloud). To use the invariant target of the Moon, the KMA adopted GIRO (GSICS Implementation of the ROLO (Robotic Lunar Observatory) model), which was released by EUMETSAT. In this study, a total of 146 lunar observation data (Level 1A) with various phase angles obtained between April 2011 and December 2017 are analyzed. A degradation rate of approximately −1.52 ± 0.10% per year occurred using the GIRO method, which was a degradation of approximately 12% over the eight years (from 2011 to 2018) during COMS MI’s operational period. The lunar calibration result was in good agreement with results provided by other calibration methods such as the DCC using the RTM (Radiative Transfer Model), which was approximately −1.43 ± 0.13% per year. Selection of on-Moon pixels provided an uncertainty of approximately 0.01% per year, while that related to the phase angle (Sun-Moon-Satellite) was approximately 0.06% per year