Informe final de evaluación CEPAL-AECID

Sumario: En este informe se presenta la evaluación final del Programa CEPAL-AECID 2010-2012 “Generación de conocimiento y competencias para el diseño y la aplicación de políticas públicas en América Latina y el Caribe”, implementado por la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y financiado por la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID)

La CEPAL de los noventa: un análisis del viraje teórico y la propuesta de desarrollo para América Latina durante su etapa neoestructuralista

Anais do III Encontro de Iniciação Científica da Unila - Sessão de Relações Internacionais - 07/11/14 – 13h30 às 16h00 - Unila-PTI - Bloco 09 – Espaço 02 – Sala 02La Comisión Económica para América Latina y Caribe (CEPAL), institución perteneciente a la Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU) desde 1948, fue capaz de construir en torno a su paradigma desarrollista una línea alternativa al pensamiento económico predominante de la época. A pesar de conseguir influenciar las decisiones estatales durante sus primeras décadas, la CEPAL fue perdiendo capacidad de impacto con la llegada de gobiernos dictatoriales, el ambiente de crisis y el avance sobre la región de las premisas neoliberales condensadas en el Consenso de Washington. Aquello supone un punto de inflexión en el recorrido estructuralista de la institución y se configura como elemento base del análisis aquí expuesto. Tomando la década de los 90 como evidencia de una nueva fase de la CEPAL, denominada neoestructuralista, se pretende analizar la propuesta cepalina para el desarrollo de los países de América Latina haciendo énfasis en la idea de transformación productiva con equidad y de regionalismo abierto, siendo este último clave para la comprensión de los procesos de integración regional que se llevaron a cabo a partir de entonces. Además de apoyarnos en los textos oficiales emitidos por la CEPAL y en otros recursos bibliográficos sobre el organismo, también hacemos uso de la Revista CEPAL para el análisis discursivo oficial de la institución, siendo su publicación cuatrimestral una fotografía panorámica del periodo analizado. Tras la revisión, se concluye que la propuesta de desarrollo para América Latina esbozada por la CEPAL durante los noventa fue una adecuación al nuevo contexto de la región y no significó un quiebre con la trayectoria inicial ni con sus teorías base. Así, los proyectos de integración latinoamericana promovidos por la Comisión tendieron a reforzar los vínculos comerciales entre los países para impulsar, en paralelo, una transformación interna en relación a la redistribución de ingresos y a la inclusión social.Bolsista Pibic UNILA; Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA

Fear for manufacturing? China and the future of industry in Brazil and Latin America

There has been considerable concern in Latin America over the implications of increased competition from China for local industry. These concerns include the possibility of "deindustrialization," the increased "primarization" of the region's exports and the difficulties of upgrading manufactured exports into higher technology products. This article examines the impact of Chinese competition both in the domestic market and in export markets on Brazilian industry. It documents the increased penetration of Chinese manufactures in the Brazilian market and the way in which Brazilian exports have lost market share to China in the US, European Union and four Latin American countries. Brazil, because of its more developed and locally integrated industrial sector, is not typical of other Latin American countries and the article also discusses the relevance of the Brazilian experience for the region as a whole

Intersection between class and gender and its effect on the quality of employment in Chile

Indexación: Web of Science; Scopus.En este artículo se analiza el efecto de la intersección entre clase y género sobre la calidad del empleo en Chile. La medida de posición de clase utilizada está basada en la propuesta de Erik O. Wright y la calidad del empleo en una medida multidimensional, que incluye un índice de condiciones objetivas de empleo y dos índices de condiciones subjetivas (motivación en el trabajo y percepción del control sobre el proceso de trabajo). Los resultados demuestran que la clase y el género determinan diferencias significativas en la calidad objetiva y subjetiva del empleo. Sin embargo, los datos también indican que el género (particularmente, el hecho de ser mujer) no actúa necesariamente como “amplificador” de las desigualdades de clase observadas en el mercado laboral. A partir de esto, al final del artículo se plantean algunas reflexiones sobre cómo opera la intersección entre clase y género en el mercado laboral chileno.This study explores the impact of the intersection between class and gender on the quality of employment in Chile. The method used to measure social class position is based on the work of Erik O. Wright, while, for the quality of employment, a multidimensional measurement was used, including one index for objective working conditions and two indices for subjective ones (motivation on the job and the perception of control over work processes). The results demonstrate that class and gender give rise to signifcant differences in objective and subjective job quality. However, the data also indicate that gender (more specifcally, the fact of being female) does not necessarily amplify the class-based inequalities observed in the labour market. Drawing on these fndings, a number of thoughts about how the class/gender intersection operates in the Chilean labour market are shared in the fnal section of this studyhttp://hdl.handle.net/11362/4079

Globalization Dynamics in Latin America: South Cone and Iberian Investments

This paper analyzes in perspective the integration process through which Latin America, specially the South Cone, went through during the long formation process of the world economy, since the expansion that brought Latin America to capitalist development until the early XXI century. It emphasizes the 1980’s, when a new form of integration begun, marked by trade and financial liberalization and an increasing market integration combined by the formation of trading blocks both in at world and regional levels. It studies deeper the special logics and the relations of South Cone as destiny of Spanish and Portuguese foreign direct investment. The article is structured in two parts: the first one analysis the Latin American integration process with the world economy since its origins, markedly the colonial period. The second part studies some results and disjunctives of this new period, characterized by the increasing presence of large multinational and Iberian companies in Latin America. Keywords: modelo de desarrollo, macroeconomía, politica económica, desarrollo, politica monetária, ética politica, investimento.

Income Distribution under Latin America’s New Left Regimes

This paper reviews the decline in income inequality that has taken place over 2002-2007 in most Latin American countries against the background of its steady increase over 1980-2002. The paper analyzes then the factors that could explain this trend reversal. It focuses in particular on favorable external conditions, cyclical factors, improvements in the distribution of educational achievements and the subsequent drop in skill-premium, and changes in macroeconomic and social policies introduced in several countries, particularly by a growing number of left-of-centre governments which have come to power during the last decade. An econometric test for the years 1990-2007 indicate that, in addition to a favorable business cycle and external conditions, a decline in skill premium and the new policy model of fiscally prudent social-democracy which is emerging this decade in much of Latin America impacted favorably the distribution of income. If this approach will survive the current crisis, much of the recent inequality decline is likely to become permanent.income inequality, human capital inequality, external conditions, policy regimes, Latin America.

A ANALYSIS OF EVOLUTION OF BRAZIL´S TRADE RELATIONS WITH MERCOSUR AND OTHER ECONOMIC BLOCS

O objetivo central deste trabalho é fazer uma retrospectiva histórica do processo de formação do Mercosul, o desenvolvimento das relações comerciais, bem como o conseqüente processo de convergência e divergência neste contexto. E ainda avaliar a eficácia do processo de interação no aumento das transações comerciais, tanto intra quanto extra-bloco. Nesta etapa, a característica que diferencia o outro é o processo de unificação dos estados. Desde o surgimento da idéia de integração das economias do Cone Sul da América Latina, ainda em meados dos anos-1980, o processo passou por várias fases. O primeiro edifício conhecido como o Mercosul, entre 1991 e 1998 caracteriza-se por um forte aumento do fluxo de comércio entre os países do bloco.---------------------------------------------The central objective of this paper is to make a historical retrospect of the process of formation of Mercosur, the development of trade relations, and the consequent process of convergence and divergence that is the context that. It is still assessing the effectiveness of the process of interaction in the increase of commercial transactions, both intra and extra-bloc. In this stage the feature that differentiates the other is the process of unification of the states. Since the emergence of the idea of integration of economies in the Southern Cone of Latin America, even in the mid-1980, the process has gone through several phases. The first building known as the Mercosur, between 1991 and 1998 is characterised by strong increase in the flow of trade between the countries of the bloc.Comércio, Integração econômica, Mercosul, Trade, Economic integration, Mercosur, International Relations/Trade,

The influence of capital origin on Brazilian foreign trade patterns

This article aims to determine whether the geographical pattern of the external trade of foreign-owned enterprises in Brazil differs from that of domestic enterprises and whether, in the case of foreign enterprises, the region of origin of their capital is an important factor in determining that pattern, both in terms of the origin and destination of their imports and exports and with regard to the technological content. The methodology employed was panel analysis, applied to a representative set of enterprises, using trade data broken down by region for 1989, 1997 and 2000.Multinational Firm Intra-Firm Trade