Dectin-1 Activation Exacerbates Obesity and Insulin Resistance in the Absence of MyD88

This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, grant numbers 11/15682-4, 12/02270-2, 15/18121-4), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Regenera INCT Process Grant 465656/2014-5). JL is funded by the NIH/NIDDK R01DK106210. GDB is funded by the Wellcome Trust and the MRC Centre for Medical Mycology. Open access journalPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Avaliação do potencial antagonista de bactéria endofítica sobre fungos de grãos de milho.

bitstream/item/30166/1/ct-187.pd

Avaliação da atividade antagonista da bactéria endofítica CNPMS-22 sobre fungos fitopatogênicos in vitro.

bitstream/item/30165/1/ct-186.pd

Investigation of the pathways related to intrinsic miltefosine tolerance in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis clinical isolates reveals differences in drug uptake

In Brazil, cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused predominantly by L. (V.) braziliensis. The few therapeutic drugs available exhibit several limitations, mainly related to drug toxicity and reduced efficacy in some regions. Miltefosine (MF), the only oral drug available for leishmaniasis treatment, is not widely available and has not yet been approved for human use in Brazil. Our group previously reported the existence of differential susceptibility among L. (V.) braziliensis clinical isolates. In this work, we further characterized three of these isolates of L. (V.) braziliensis chosen because they exhibited the lowest and the highest MF half maximal inhibitory concentrations and were therefore considered less tolerant or more tolerant, respectively. Uptake of MF, and also of phosphocholine, were found to be significantly different in more tolerant parasites compared to the less sensitive isolate, which raised the hypothesis of differences in the MF transport complex Miltefosine Transporter (MT)-Ros3. Although some polymorphisms in those genes were found, they did not correlate with the drug susceptibility phenotype. Drug efflux and compartmentalization were similar in the isolates tested, and amphotericin B susceptibility was retained in MF tolerant parasites, suggesting that increased fitness was also not the basis of observed differences. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Ros3 mRNA levels were upregulated in the sensitive strain compared to the tolerant ones. Increased mRNA abundance in more tolerant isolates was validated by quantitative PCR. Our results suggest that differential gene expression of the MT transporter complex is the basis of the differential susceptibility in these unselected, naturally occurring parasites

Long run macroeconomic relations in the global economy

This paper focuses on testing long run macroeconomic relations for interest rates, equity, prices and exchange rates suggested by arbitrage in financial and goods markets. It uses the global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model to test for long run restrictions in each country/region conditioning on the rest of the world. Bootstrapping is used to compute both the empirical distribution of the impulse responses and the log-likelihood ratio statistic for over-identifying restrictions. The paper also examines the speed with which adjustments to the long run relations take place via the persistence profiles. We find strong evidence in favour of the UIP and to a lesser extent the Fisher equation across a number of countries, but our results for the PPP are much weaker. Also the transmission of shocks and subsequent adjustments in financial markets are much faster than those in goods markets. JEL Classification:Fisher relationship, Global VAR, persistence profile, purchasing power parity, uncovered interest rate parity

Territorialidad & sostenibilidad, dos líneas abarcadoras para la retribución conexa en el escenario local del municipio federación, estado Falcón, Venezuela

When we speak of “sustainability and territoriality” (S&T), bringing this encompassing dual framework closer to the reality of any constructed social space, _ narrow in such a course_ a consensual and circular reasoning that manages to be a seedbed for the planning, instrumentation and ordering of geospatial flows, cultural, ecological, environmental, historical, social, political, administrative-normative and economic, all of these being understood as substantial elements that confer identity and differentiation in their expressiveness in a dynamic and constantly evolving multi-relationship system (open rural urban ecosystem). The present study is contextualized on these notions, which brings the Federation Municipality and its parish capital Churuguara closer together, in terms of drawing its development, assuming as an object of discussion, which symbolizes its exclusivity and expressiveness mountain, landscape, climatic, economic dynamism, agrarian culture and historical tradition, for the State of Falcón, Venezuela; above all the shortcomings, limitations and complexity of challenges that are revealed as sufficient local evidence to hinder such a process. The methodological nature of this line of reasoning was epistemological, having descriptive and synthesizing analysis; of the theoretical foundation; diagnosis, contrasting and ranking of information; review of documentary sources and prospective construction of the binomial framework of S&T. The structural nature of this approach integrated into its progress, an intellectual, subsidiary, harmonizing and transforming effort in order to adapt, reward, contribute, value, organize, channel, plan and strengthen actions that are tangibly listed in luminosity _ by and for! - the Sustainable Development of this micro territorial system.https://www.doi.org/10.53766/ECOSOS/2022.14.02Cuando hablamos de “sostenibilidad y territorialidad” (S&T), es acercar este marco dual abarcador a la realidad de cualquier espacio social construido -estrecha en tal discurrir- un razonamiento consensuado para la planificación, instrumentación y ordenación de los flujos geoespaciales, culturales, ecológicos, ambientales, históricos, sociales, políticos, administrativos-normativos y económicos; entendiéndose todos estos, como elementos sustanciales que confieren identidad y diferenciación en su expresividad, en un sistema de multi relacionamiento dinámico y en constante evolución (Ecosistema rural urbano abierto). Sobre estas nociones se contextualiza el presente estudio el cual aproxima al Municipio Federación y, su capital parroquial Churuguara, a la visión de la S&T, en los términos de dibujar su desarrollo, asumiendo como objeto de discusión, lo que simboliza su exclusividad y expresividad serrana, paisajística, climática, dinamismo económico, cultura agraria y tradición histórica, para el Estado Falcón-Venezuela; considerando las carencias, limitaciones y complejidad de desafíos que se revelan como evidencias locales suficientes para obstaculizar el proceso de la S&T. La naturaleza metodológica de esta línea de razonamiento fue de tipo epistemológica, disponiendo del análisis descriptivo y sintetizador; de la fundamentación teórica; diagnóstico, contrastación y jerarquización de información; revisión de fuentes documentales y construcción prospectiva del marco binomial de S&T. El carácter estructural de este planteamiento integró en su progreso, un esfuerzo intelectual, subsidiario, armonizador y transformador en función de adecuar, retribuir, aportar, valorizar, organizar, encauzar, planear y robustecer acciones que coticen tangiblemente en luminosidad _ ¡por y para!_ el Desarrollo Sostenible del este sistema micro territorial.Recibido: 21/07/2022 Aceptado: 13/11/2022

El ocio en las actividades educativas. Espacios arquitectónicos que facilitan el proceso de aprendizaje. Proyecto: campamento Aguas Bravas, Centro de Formación Medioambiental, Barinas, Venezuela

The present work exposes an investigation that has as general objective to be applied in the architectonic design of the main central building of the grouping “Campamento Aguas Bravas, Rafting Club” located in the Barinas state, Venezuela. It uses a methodology that allowed the development of theoretical foundations such as “environmental training linked to sustainable tourism, sustainable architecture and technology of alternative materials”, from which the design criteria applied in the proposal of the whole, are extracted, the development of the architectural project and the landscape proposal. For this, it was necessary to make several field visits to the land located in the middle basin of the Acequias River, to define the physical, socio-cultural, economic and productive characteristics of the place. The project developed meets the academic requirements and needs raised by the client Mr. Alejandro Buzzo, through the integration of productive, tourism, training, and environmental awareness activities, which were addressed in a consensual manner to enhance sustainable local development. With this, the project can serve as an example to be applied in other rural areas of the state and the country, adapting and respecting the potential of each area in particular, trying as the ultimate goal toawaken awareness in the largest number of people in terms of generating actions and lifestyles that preserve the natural environment, in parallel to the concept of Leisure, something more than free time.El presente trabajo expone una investigación que tiene como objetivo general ser aplicada en el diseño arquitectónico del edificio sede central del conjunto “Campamento Aguas Bravas, Rafting Club” ubicado en el Estado Barinas, Venezuela. En ella se utiliza una metodología que permitió desarrollar fundamentos teóricos como “la formación ambiental vinculada al turismo sostenible, la arquitectura sostenible y la tecnología de los materiales alternativos”, de los cuales se extraen los criterios de diseño aplicados en: la propuesta del conjunto, el desarrollo del proyecto arquitectónico y la propuesta paisajística. Para ello, fue necesario realizar varias visitas de campo al terreno localizado en la cuenca media del río Acequias, para definirlas características físico naturales, socio culturales, económico productiva del lugar. El proyecto desarrollado satisface los requerimientos académicos y las necesidades planteadas por el cliente Lic. Alejandro Buzzo, a través de la integración de las actividades productivas, turísticas, formativas y de sensibilización ambiental, que fueron abordadas de forma consensuada para potenciar el desarrollo local sostenible. Con ello, el proyecto puede servir de ejemplo para ser aplicado en otras áreas rurales del estado y del país, adaptándose y respetando las potencialidades de cada zona en particular, procurando como fin último despertar la consciencia en la mayor cantidad de personas en función de generar acciones y estilos de vida que preserven el entorno natural, en paralelo al concepto de Ocio, algo más que tiempo libre.Recibido: 15/10/2019Aceptado: 24/04/202

Análisis descriptivo y propositivo del paisajismo de las plazas Sucre y Bolívar de la ciudad de Mérida, Venezuela

The city of Mérida is acknowledged by its name and history throughout Venezuela and it is considered an urban, tourist, cultural and university area. Urban and demographic growth initiated in the early 70s is still ongoing. In so doing, squares and parks have become places of social encounters like humanized public spaces. Throughout this period of time, and with the different municipal or regional governments, these spaces have undergone a continuous restructuring of their infrastructures and of the planting of new species of trees, palms and ornamental plants, while the traditional species have been given little attention. Considering the importance of the Bolívar and Sucre squares for the city of Mérida, it is imperative to carry out a descriptive analysis of their landscaping with a proactive vision, so as to lead to technical recommendations on arboriculture related to the evaluation of the species, definition of their physical conditions, proposals for pruning and extractive cutting, among others, which will help ensure better security against possible accidents and the embellishment of the spatial and landscape context.La ciudad de Mérida es reconocida por su gentilicio e historia en el proceder de la vida de Venezuela al conformarse como ámbito urbano turístico, cultural y universitario. El proceso de crecimiento urbano y demográfico se inicia a principios de la década de los años setenta hasta la actualidad, siendo sus plazas y parques, lugares de encuentro social como espacios públicos humanizados. A través de este periodo de tiempo, y con los diferentes cambios de gestión gubernamental municipal o regional, estos espacios han tenido continuas reestructuraciones en sus infraestructuras y en la siembra de nuevas especies arbóreas, palmeras y ornamentales, mientras que las tradicionales, permanecen sin mayor intervención. Dada la importancia de las plazas Bolívar ySucre para la ciudad de Mérida, se hace imperativo realizar un análisis descriptivo de su paisajismo con visión propositiva, de manera que conlleve a recomendaciones técnicas en materia de arboricultura referida a laevaluación de las especies, definición de sus condiciones físicas, propuestas de poda y corte extractivo, entre otros, las cuales propiciaran garantizar una mejor seguridad ante posibles accidentes y embellecimiento del contexto espacial y paisajístico.Recibido: 11/02/2019Aceptado: 15/12/201