PENGARUH BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR DERAJAT II DANGKAL PADA TIKUS WISTAR

Background : Burn injury is kind of wound that happen the most in society. Kind of burn that often happen is superficial partial thickness burn, which is people choose to do some self medication because the expense is relatively high. The content of alliin in onion (Allium sativum L) be trusted can be used to help healing process of superficial partial thickness burn, with its biology activity as anti-agregation of platelet cells, fibrinolysis accelerator, and anti-bacterial. Aims : To find out the effect of onion extract (Allium sativum L) in superficial partial thickness burn. Method : A post test only control group design study with 4 groups which divided into two categories consist of control group and treatment group. the control group is rats that been given superficial partial thickness burn without any preferential treatment and treatment groups are hordes of rats that been given superficial partial thickness burn which divided into 3 group then each group smeared with onion extract 1.5%, 3.0%, and 6.0%. The assessment is conducted in 14 days using Bates Jensen Wound Assessment Tool. Result : Subjects in control group, superficial partial thickness burn without any treatment reach its recovery in 14 days. Subjects with superficial atrial thickness burn smeared with onion extract 1.5% reach its recovery in 10 days ,with onion extract 3.0% in 11days , and onion extract 6.0% in 12 days. Conclusion : There is an effect that can be found in onion extract with 1.5%, 3.0%, and 6.0% concentration that smeared on superficial partial thickness burn Key Words : Burn injury, superficial atrial thickness burn, onion, Allium sativum L

Thermonuclear burn-up in deuterated methane CD4CD_4

The thermonuclear burn-up of highly compressed deuterated methane CD$_4$ is considered in the spherical geometry. The minimal required values of the burn-up parameter $x = \rho_0 \cdot r_f$ are determined for various temperatures $T$ and densities $\rho_0$. It is shown that thermonuclear burn-up in $CD_4$ becomes possible in practice if its initial density $\rho_0$ exceeds $\approx 5 \cdot 10^3$ $g \cdot cm^{-3}$. Burn-up in CD$_2$T$_2$ methane requires significantly ($\approx$ 100 times) lower compressions. The developed approach can be used in order to compute the critical burn-up parameters in an arbitrary deuterium containing fuel

Cats with thermal burn injuries from California wildfires show echocardiographic evidence of myocardial thickening and intracardiac thrombi.

Recent increases in the prevalence and severity of wildfires in some regions have resulted in an increased frequency of veterinary burn patients. Few studies exist regarding diagnostics and management of burn wounds in veterinary patients and current knowledge is extrapolated from human literature and research models. Post-burn cardiac injury is a common finding and predictor of mortality in human patients and echocardiography is an important tool in monitoring response to therapy and predicting outcome. We describe the notable findings from cats naturally exposed to California wildfires in 2017 and 2018. Domestic cats (n = 51) sustaining burn injuries from the Tubbs (2017) and Camp (2018) wildfires were prospectively enrolled and serial echocardiograms and cardiac troponin I evaluations were performed. Echocardiograms of affected cats revealed a high prevalence of myocardial thickening (18/51) and spontaneous echocardiographic contrast and thrombi formation (16/51). Forty-two cats survived to discharge and 6 died or were euthanized due to a possible cardiac cause. For the first time, we describe cardiovascular and coagulation effects of thermal burn and smoke inhalation in cats. Further studies in veterinary burn victims are warranted and serve as a translational research opportunity for uncovering novel disease mechanisms and therapies

Improved and standardized method for assessing years lived with disability after burns and its application to estimate the non-fatal burden of disease of burn injuries in Australia, New Zealand and the Netherlands

Background: Burden of disease estimates are an important resource in public health. Currently, robust estimates are not available for the burn population. Our objectives are to adapt a refined methodology (INTEGRIS method) to burns and to apply this new INTEGRIS-burns method to estimate, and compare, the burden of disease of burn injuries in Australia, New Zealand and the Netherlands. Methods: Existing European and Western-Australian health-related quality of life (HRQL) datasets were combined to derive disability weights for three homogenous burn injury groups based on percentage total body surface area (%TBSA) burned. Subsequently, incidence data from Australia, New Zealand, and the Netherlands from 2010 to 2017 were used to compute annual non-fatal burden of disease estimates for each of these three countries. Non-fatal burden of disease was measured by years lived with disability (YLD). Results: The combined dataset included 7159 HRQL (EQ-5D-3 L) outcomes from 3401 patients. Disability weights ranged from 0.046 (subgroup  24 months post-burn) to 0.497 (subgroup > 20% TBSA burned 0–1 months post-burn). In 2017 the non-fatal burden of disease of burns for the three countries (YLDs/100,000 inhabitants) was 281 for Australia, 279 for New Zealand and 133 for the Netherlands. Conclusions: This project established a method for more precise estimates of the YLDs of burns, as it is the only method adapted to the nature of burn injuries and their recovery. Compared to previous used methods, the INTEGRIS-burns method includes improved disability weights based on severity categorization of burn patients; a better substantiated proportion of patients with lifelong disability based; and, the application of burn specific recovery timeframes. Information derived from the adapted method can be used as input for health decision making at both the national and international level. Future studies should investigate whether the application is valid in low- and middle- income countries

Skeletal muscle stem cell defects in burn-induced cachexia

..In an intriguing recent paper published in The Journal of Physiology, Fry and colleagues (Fry et al. 2016) explore the potential involvement of SCs and myonuclei apoptosis in young burn patients, a condition characterized by hyper-metabolism and extreme muscle wasting... ...The authors hypothesized that severe burn trauma could induce myonuclear apoptosis along with increased SC activation, in order to counteract the loss of myonuclei. In brief, the major findings by Fry and colleagues were (summarized in Table 1): (1) burn trauma induces myonuclear and SC apoptosis, (2) SC content is decreased although the content of active SCs is increased in burn patients, and (3) the latter two are associated with a generalized regenerative response (increased central nuclei and embMHC positive fibres) in burn patients

Underlying burning resistant mechanisms for titanium alloy

The "titanium fire" as produced during high pressure and friction is the major failure scenario for aero-engines. To alleviate this issue, Ti-V-Cr and Ti-Cu-Al series burn resistant titanium alloys have been developed. However, which burn resistant alloy exhibit better property with reasonable cost needs to be evaluated. This work unveils the burning mechanisms of these alloys and discusses whether burn resistance of Cr and V can be replaced by Cu, on which thorough exploration is lacking. Two representative burn resistant alloys are considered, including Ti14(Ti-13Cu-1Al-0.2Si) and Ti40(Ti-25V-15Cr-0.2Si)alloys. Compared with the commercial non-burn resistant titanium alloy, i.e., TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)alloy, it has been found that both Ti14 and Ti40 alloys form "protective" shields during the burning process. Specifically, for Ti14 alloy, a clear Cu-rich layer is formed at the interface between burning product zone and heat affected zone, which consumes oxygen by producing Cu-O compounds and impedes the reaction with Ti-matrix. This work has established a fundamental understanding of burning resistant mechanisms for titanium alloys. Importantly, it is found that Cu could endow titanium alloys with similar burn resistant capability as that of V or Cr, which opens a cost-effective avenue to design burn resistant titanium alloys.Comment: 6 figure

Evaluation of pre/post-fire differenced spectral indices for assessing burn severity in a Mediterranean environment with landsat thematic mapper

In this study several pre/post-fire differenced spectral indices for assessing burn severity in a Mediterranean environment are evaluated. GeoCBI (Geo Composite Burn Index) field data of burn severity were correlated with remotely sensed measures, based on the NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio), the NDMI (Normalized Difference Moisture Index) and the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). In addition, the strength of the correlation was evaluated for specific fuel types and the influence of the regression model type is pointed out. The NBR was the best remotely sensed index for assessing burn severity, followed by the NDMI and the NDVI. For this case study of the 2007 Peloponnese fires, results show that the GeoCBI-dNBR (differenced NBR) approach yields a moderate-high R(2) = 0.65. Absolute indices outperformed their relative equivalents, which accounted for pre-fire vegetation state. The GeoCBI-dNBR relationship was stronger for forested ecotypes than for shrub lands. The relationship between the field data and the dNBR and dNDMI (differenced NDMI) was nonlinear, while the GeoCBI-dNDVI (differenced NDVI) relationship appeared linear

Grip and muscle strength dynamometry in acute burn injury: Evaluation of an updated assessment protocol

External stabilization is reported to improve reliability of hand held dynamometry, yet this has not been tested in burns. We aimed to assess the reliability of dynamometry using an external system of stabilization in people with moderate burn injury and explore construct validity of strength assessment using dynamometry. Participants were assessed on muscle and grip strength three times on each side. Assessment occurred three times per week for up to four weeks. Within session reliability was assessed using intraclass correlations calculated for within session data grouped prior to surgery, immediately after surgery and in the sub-acute phase of injury. Minimum detectable differences were also calculated. In the same timeframe categories, construct validity was explored using regression analysis incorporating burn severity and demographic characteristics. Thirty-eight participants with total burn surface area 5 – 40% were recruited. Reliability was determined to be clinically applicable for the assessment method (intraclass correlation coefficient \u3e0.75) at all phases after injury. Muscle strength was associated with sex and burn location during injury and wound healing. Burn size in the immediate period after surgery and age in the sub-acute phase of injury were also associated with muscle strength assessment results. Hand held dynamometry is a reliable assessment tool for evaluating within session muscle strength in the acute and sub-acute phase of injury in burns up to 40% total burn surface area. External stabilization may assist to eliminate reliability issues related to patient and assessor strength

Stochastically ordered subpopulations and optimal burn-in procedure

Burn-in is a widely used engineering method which is adopted to eliminate defective items before they are shipped to customers or put into the field operation. In the studies of burn-in, the assumption of bathtub shaped failure rate function is usually employed and optimal burn-in procedures are investigated. In this paper, however, we assume that the population is composed of two ordered subpopulations and optimal burn-in procedures are studied in this context. Two types of risks are defined and an optimal burn-in procedure, which minimizes the weighted risks is studied. The joint optimal solutions for the optimal burn-in procedure, which minimizes the mean number of repairs during the field operation, are also investigated.