Agile and Evm for the Dod: a Review of the Challenges and a New Approach to Solve them

Department of Defense (DoD) acquisitions must improve program performance while working within budgetary constraints. The DoD community shows an interest in utilizing Agile methodologies, but struggles to reap Agile\u27s benefits. They encountered challenges including the historically built up processes that enforce heavy-weight oversight; the outdated, manufacturing focused Work Breakdown Structures (WBS) provided in DoD Handbook: Work Breakdown Structures (WBS) for Defense Material Items (MIL-STD-881C); and the inability of the traditional waterfall based processes to accommodate iterative development. The author used the scientific method to review the documented issues encountered when using Agile on a DoD program within the constraints of Earned Value Management (EVM). The author developed the hypothesis that the currently available WBS options in MIL-STD-881C are in conflict with attempts to implement Agile software development methodologies and Agile Earned Value Management (AgileEVM) on DoD acquisition activities. Modifying MIL-STD-881C to include an iterative-based software development focused WBS would provide the DoD environment with a foundation to begin an overhaul of the current procedures and best practices to better support Agile methodologies and increase the adoption of Agile techniques. Based on the findings in this paper, additional research topics include: developing and defining the new WBS structure, determining what modifications are needed to other military standards, documented procedures, and best practices, and discussing the cultural changes needed to support and encourage greater use of Agile development methodologies in the DoD

Social Influences on User Behavior in Group Information Repositories.

Group information repositories are systems for organizing and sharing files kept in a central location that all group members can access. These systems are often assumed to be tools for storage and control of files and their metadata, not tools for communication. The purpose of this research is to better understand user behavior in group information repositories, and to determine whether social factors might shape users' choices when labeling and organizing information. Through interviews with group information repository users and analysis of system log data, I found that users tend to restrict their activities in a repository to files they "own," are reluctant to delete files that could potentially be useful to others, dislike the clutter that results, and can become demotivated if no one views files they uploaded. I also conducted an online experiment in which participants labeled and organized short text files into a file-and-folder hierarchy, and later completed search tasks in the hierarchies created by others. Participants came from two intellectual communities, and were instructed to organize the files for one of three different audiences: themselves, someone from the same intellectual community, and someone from the other community. I found that when participants created hierarchies for an audience they imagined was like them, everyone searched more efficiently, regardless of whether they shared community membership with the hierarchy's creator. Further, analyses of the hierarchies showed that users performed better when file and folder labels were more similar to the text of the documents they represented. These results show that audience design, a communication process, can affect group information management tasks. The findings from both studies suggest that sharing files via a group information repository is more complicated than simply making them available on a server. Processes that affect spoken communication also impact word choices when the "interaction" is mediated by a repository. With this new knowledge, it is possible to begin design work on a new class of systems that go beyond mere storage, and better support the social aspects of user behavior in group information repositories.Ph.D.InformationUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64758/1/ejrader_1.pd