Potential for Ethanol Vapours to Limit Table Grape Berry Shatter and to Limit Ethylene Evolution from Clusters

We have shown previously that ethanol vapours (given by 2 ml per kg of grapes) can prevent Botrytis development and stem browning, two of the major problems in postharvest quality of table grapes. In the present paper, we will give emphasis to preliminary results about (i) the role of ethanol vapours in the inhibition of berry shatter and (ii) the control of ethylene evolution from grapes bunches by ethanol vapours and the link to the control of Botryti

Agrumes et maladies à virus dans quelques pays d'Amérique Latine. III. Pérou-Equateur

Compte rendu de visites de vergers d'agrumes pour l'observation des maladies à virus, à l'occasion du troisième Congrès de virologie des agrumes (à suivre

A study of fruit diseases occurring in a mid-western market

Diseases occurring in a market represent to a fair degree the diseases of fruits and vegetables in the field, since, in the majority of cases, the diseases appearing and developing in the markets are but a delayed expression of infection which occurred in the field. Furthermore, since fruits and vegetables in the markets have been shipped in from various sections of the country as well as from foreign lands, the diseases of these plant products represent not only the phytopathological conditions of the local state or country, but also those of any other part of the world whence they came

CA- and MA storage of carrot, cabbages and onion

Kasvisten varastoinnin aikana tärkeimpiä laatua alentavia tekijöitä on soluhengitys. Soluhengityksen hidastaminen yleensä parantaa kasvisten säilyvyyttä. Oikean varastointilämpötilan ohella kasvista ympäröivän kaasutilan muuntelu normaalista ilmasta poikkeavaksi on keino, jolla soluhengitystä voidaan hidastaa. Tästä syystä säätöilma- eli CA-varastointi, muunnetun ilmakehän varastointi eli MA-varastointi ja alipainevarastointi ovat mielenkiintoisia vaihtoehtoja normaalille kylmävarastoinnille. Katsaukseen on koottu tietoa näistä varastointitekniikoista, niiden teknisistä ratkaisuista ja varastoinnin kustannuksista. Yksinkertaisimmillaan MA-varastointi tarkoittaa sitä, että tuote pakataan kaasuja valikoivasti läpäisevään materiaaliin. Eniten kustannuksia aiheutuu pakkauskoneesta ja -materiaaleista sekä työvoimakuluista pakattaessa. CA-varastoinnissa suurimmat kustannukset aiheutuvat varaston tiivistämisestä ja kaasutus- ja mittalaitteista. CA ja MA-varastoinnin kustannusten vertailu keskenään on vaikeaa, koska ei ole riittävästi tietoa MA-varastoinnista eri kasviksilla. Käytön kannalta MA-varastointi pakkauksissa on joustavampi kuin CA-varastointi ja mahdollistaa suojaavan kaasukehän säilyttämisen tuotteen ympärillä myös varaston ulkopuolella. Katsauksen lopussa tarkastellaan CA- ja MA-varastoinnin tuomia mahdollisuuksia lähinnä porkkanan, kaalien ja sipulin laadun säilyttämisessä. CA- ja MA-varastointimenetelmät näyttävät lupaavimmilta kaaleille ja sipulille. Ennen kuin Suomessa kannattaa lähteä suuremmassa mitassa toteuttamaan joko CA- tai MA-varastointia tarvitaan kokeellista tutkimusta menetelmien antamista hyödyistä laadun ja jakelun kannalta.Respiration is one of the most important factors affecting the quality reduction of vegetables during storage. Retardation of respiration generally improves shelf-life. Proper storage temperature and the modification of atmosphere around produce are means to retard respiration. For this reason, controlled atmosphere (CA) storage and modified atmosphere storage (MA) are interesting options to normal cold storage. Information about these storage techniques, their technical solutions and storage costs have been compiled in this review. At its simplest, modified atmosphere storage can be implemented by packing produce in a material with proper gas permeability properties. Most costs derive from a packaging machine, packaging materials and labour. With regard to CA-storage, most costs come from the sealing up of a storage room, and gasification and measurement systems. Comparison of costs between CA and N4A storage is difficult, because there is not adequate information available regarding the MA storage of vegetables. From a use point of view, MA storage in packages is more flexible than CA storage, and makes possible a protective atmosphere around the produce after taking it from a storage room. At the end of the review, the possibilities offered by CA and MA storage regarding the quality retention of carrots, cabbages and onions are considered. CA and MA storage appear to be more promising techniques for cabbages and onion than for carrots. Before these techniques are deemed worth implementing in the storage of vegetables in Finland, experimental research about the benefits from a quality and distribution point of view is needed.vokMyynti MTT tietopalveluyksikkö. Yksikön huom.: Kirjasto Aj-

Resumen del estado que ha tenido el Instituto Provincial de 2ª Enseñanza de Burgos durante el año académico de 1875 a 1876...

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Fruit crops, 1982: a summary of research

Influence of six rootstocks and herbicides on growth, cropping, and fruit quality of Blaxtayman apple trees / David C. Ferree and Robert G. Hill, Jr. -- Tree performance and yield efficiency of several apple cultivars on M9 and M9 interstems / D. C. Ferree -- Chemical induction of lateral shoots on young apple trees / S. C. Myers and D. C. Ferree -- The influence of urea sprays, mulch, and pruning on apple tree decline / G. A. Cahoon and C. W. Donoho, Jr. -- Influence of fireblight and ambrosia beetle on several apple cultivars on M9 and M9 interstems / F. R. Hall, M. A. Ellis, and D. C. Ferree -- A model study of the effect of wind on air sprayer jets / R. D. Fox, D. L. Reichard, and R. D. Brazee -- A comparative study of selected vineyard training and pruning systems for 'Concord' grapevines / G. A. Cahoon -- Effects of selected soil applied herbicides on grapes / Jomo MacDermot and Garth A. Cahoon -- Evaluation of aromatic compounds and virgin females as attractants for rose chafer / Roger N. Williams, Terrence P. McGovern, and Michael Klein -- Botrytis cinerea "gray mold" isolates from strawberry resistant to benlate in Ohio / P. Tanboon-Ek and M. A. Elli

Crop cultural and chemical methods to control grey mould on grapes

The efficiency of crop cultural (leaf removal) as well as of chemical methods (plant growth regulator, botryticide) to control grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea was investigated in two seasons (2008 and 2009) on the varieties 'Pinot blanc' and 'Pinot gris' in the Moselle valley (Luxembourg). The application of the plant growth regulator Regalis® (a.i. prohexadione-Ca) led to a considerably more flexible cluster structure and a slight decrease of grey mould disease severity. The reduction of bunch rot infestation was of the same level than obtained by a single application of a botryticide (a.i. fenhexamid) before berries touching. Leaf removal reduced the cluster density slightly and proved to be more efficient against B. cinerea than the chemical treatments (reduction of grey mould disease severity of 57 % on average). Thus, leaf removal in the cluster-zone shortly after bloom can be recommended as an important tool in integrated as well as in organic bunch rot protection strategies. The best loosening effect on the cluster structure as well as the best B. cinerea reduction efficiency (75 % on average) was achieved when combining leaf removal and Regalis® application. The combination of leaf removal and botryticide application showed comparable results. Simulation of the B. cinerea epidemiology demonstrated that all treatments tested might allow for a longer maturation time due to lower infestation. The longest potential harvest delay until reaching an assumed threshold of 5 % disease severity was achieved by combining leaf removal and application of Regalis® or a botryticide (on average 11.6 or 9.9 days, respectively). The here presented strategies can thus be recommended to maximize wine quality in two ways – through a reduction of fungal contamination and/or an improvement of grape maturity.

Study of Variety and Compost Fertilizer Dose of Cow Dung Against Productivity at Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) in Kediri City Low Plain

The study of cow dung compost and productivity cauliflower varieties in lowland. The aims to : determine the influence of the interaction and relationship of cabbage varieties composted cow manure fertilizer on crop production cauliflower and dose of cow manure compost optimum in some varieties of cauliflower (Brassica aleracea var. botrytis L.), grown in lowland Kediri. Research methods  using factorial treatment design consisting of two treatments and environmental design group randomized design, which consists of three groups. The first factor : cauliflower varieties, consisting of three levels, namely : varieties Sakata (V1), varieties Bima (V2), varieties of IPM 126 (V3) and the second dose of fertilizer of cow dung compost (S), consists of four level, namely :  S1 = 0 ton/ha , S2 = 2 tons/ha , S3 = 3 ton/ha,  and S4 = 4 tons/ha. The results showed that: occurs significant interaction effect of varieties and fertilizer compost manure to crop production cauliflower  and production of heavy cauliflower varieties produced by Sakata optimum dose of compost manure 6,38 at tons/ha, varieties Bima at 8.3 tons/ha and varieties IPM 126 at 5.51 tons/ha . Keywords : Cow dung compost, Cauliflower, Productivit

ADAP Pesticide Applicator Training: Instructor's Manual

A survey course which covers the pests and diseases of crop plants with specific reference to Pacific Island conditions. The fields of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science are each presented within the context of an integrated pest management system. Each topic includes objectives, vocabulary, lecture outlines, and review questions. Regionally important pests and disease cycles are thoroughly illustratedFunded through the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. Grant 194-38826-0l79