Professional training between the Seventies and the Nineties. A story in constant evolution. La formazione professionale tra gli anni Settanta e gli anni Novanta. Una storia in continuo cambiamento.

Training is no longer considered a mere prerequisite for the transition to adult life and employment but is seen as a tool for lifelong learning and acquiring specialist skills. The present research takes its cue from an idea of training dating back to the Seventies following various pedagogical changes. Accordingly, this paper takes a closer look at the extent to which this idea has evolved in relation to productivity thanks to mobility, exchange and collaboration. As a result of this evolution, lifelong learning too has changed so that dealing with pedagogy today means recreating a profound meaning for human beings within the framework of economic development by employing one’s own skills and knowledge to cope with the new socio-economic changes, in addition to managing one’s own future.La formazione non viene più considerata soltanto propedeutica al passaggio alla vita adulta e al mondo del lavoro, ma è chiamata a farsi strumento di acquisizione e di competenze per tutto l’arco della vita. La ricerca prende spunto dall’idea di formazione che parte dagli anni Settanta come professionale e sulla scia dei vari mutamenti pedagogici, si è evoluta storicamente. Pertanto, il mio intervento intende approfondire come essa, attraverso la mobilità, lo scambio e la collaborazione si è trasformata in termini di produttività. In questo modo si è modificata la formazione continua, perché oggi fare pedagogia significa ricreare un senso profondo dell’uomo che si forma nel quadro dello sviluppo dell’economia, implementando le proprie competenze e conoscenze necessarie a gestire i nuovi cambiamenti socio-economici, oltre che a gestire il proprio futuro

La co-educación en el escultismo laico italiano : comunicar valores de igualdad entre las jóvenes y los jóvenes

El Escultismo para chicos empezó en Inglaterra en 1907 por Robert Baden Powell y en 1910 antes con Agnes Baden Powell y después con Olave Sant Claire Soames iniciaron el Escultismo femenino y el Guidismo. El Movimiento educativo scout para chicos y chicas es la organización juvenil más difundida al mundo. En Italia el Escultismo masculino y femenino llegó en el 1912 y durante todo el siglo XX trabajó con chicos y chicas de manera separada hasta al 1976. Durante los años cincuenta y sesenta, gracias a algunas mujeres scout, se empezó a hablar de Co-Educación entre chicas y chicos y esta innovación educativa llegó a ser una herramienta fundamental del Escultismo laico italiano. La Co-Educación es una herramienta de comunicación de valores de igualdad sea con respecto a la construcción de relaciones internas entre los jóvenes scout, sea con respecto a la construcción de relaciones externas donde los jóvenes scout se hacen en primera persona propugnadoras y propugnadores en la sociedad de los valores de igualdad, comunicándolos por sus proprio compromiso social, ejemplo y pensamiento

Fiscal Federalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ten Years after the Dayton Treatment and Still not in a Steady Condition

The following paper deals with the fiscal federalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Besides a detailed description of the development of the fiscal federalism in BiH since the Dayton peace process, the main focus of this paper is to illustrate how the public finance system in BiH is designed and what the main differences between the Republika Srpska and the BiH Federation are. We analyse the revenue disparities between the cantons and their respective municipalities, which are boosted by the origin or rather the derivation principle in tax collection, and present an equalisation system based on the VAT, which can minimise the fiscal gaps mainly in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). Moreover, this paper highlights the successful process and the unsolved problems of the recently introduced Value Added Tax in BiH. Especially the VAT introduction, the common Governance Board, the Indirect Tax Administration (ITA) and the newly formed common army and police force could be interpreted as signs of stabilisation for this fragmented federation. Although these are milestones of a peaceful coexistence between Moslem Bosniacs, Orthodox Serbs and Catholic Croats, the Bosnian fiscal federalism has only been partly achieved.Fiscal Federalism, Grants, VAT introduction, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Cultural politics, nation building, and literary imagery: towards a post-colonial reading of the literature(s) of Bosnia-Herzegovina 1878-1918

Departing from two examples that illustrate the interconnectedness of Habsburg cultural politics and (the development of) Bosnian literature as well as their role in and impact on the construction of national identities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878-1918), this article examines to what extent the insights of post-colonial studies can be useful for the study of the cultural and literary life in Bosnia under Austro-Hungarian rule. The first case focuses on the canonization of Bosnian folk songs and the foundation of the literary periodical Nada by the Austro-Hungarian authorities and their respective reception at the time in the broader South-Slav context. The second case briefly analyzes the prevailing images of the Dual Monarchy in the daily press and in poetry and prose by prominent Bosnian authors of the time. Both cases demonstrate that whereas the Habsburg cultural politics in Bosnia can be read as an example of “colonizing by way of text”, the different reactions to and images of Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnian literature can be best understood in the light of the competing Serbian, Bosniak and Croatian national projects. It is suggested, then, that a post-colonial approach to the Habsburg experience of Bosnia and Herzegovina makes sense (only) if the specific historical context receives due attention and if “centre” and “periphery” are understood not as monolithic categories but as imaginary geographies with their own internal dynamics

Augev Method and an Innovative Use of Vocal Spectroscopy in Evaluating and Monitoring the Rehabilitation Path of Subjects Showing Severe Communication Pathologies

A strongly connotative element of developmental disorders (DS) is the total or partial impairment of verbal communication and, more generally, of social interaction. The method of Vocal-verb self-management (Augev) is a systemic organicistic method able to intervene in problems regarding verbal, spoken and written language development successfully. This study intends to demonstrate that it is possible to objectify these progresses through a spectrographic examination of vocal signals, which detects voice phonetic-acoustic parameters. This survey allows an objective evaluation of how effective an educational-rehabilitation intervention is. This study was performed on a population of 40 subjects (34 males and 6 females) diagnosed with developmental disorders (DS), specifically with a diagnosis of the autism spectrum disorders according to the DSM-5. The 40 subjects were treated in “la Comunicazione” centers, whose headquarters are near Bari, Brindisi and Rome. The results demonstrate a statistical significance in a correlation among the observed variables: supervisory status, attention, general dynamic coordination, understanding and execution of orders, performing simple unshielded rhythmic beats, word rhythm, oral praxies, phono-articulatory praxies, pronunciation of vowels, execution of graphemes, visual perception, acoustic perception, proprioceptive sensitivity, selective attention, short-term memory, segmental coordination, performance of simple rhythmic beatings, word rhythm, voice setting, intonation of sounds within a fifth, vowel pronunciation, consonant pronunciation, graphematic decoding, syllabic decoding, pronunciation of caudate syllables, coding of final syllable consonant, lexical decoding, phoneme-grapheme conversion, homographic grapheme decoding, homogeneous grapheme decoding, graphic stroke