4 research outputs found

    Spatiotemporal adaptive quantization for the perceptual video coding of RGB 4:4:4 data

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    Due to the spectral sensitivity phenomenon of the Human Visual System (HVS), the color channels of raw RGB 4:4:4 sequences contain significant psychovisual redundancies; these redundancies can be perceptually quantized. The default quantization systems in the HEVC standard are known as Uniform Reconstruction Quantization (URQ) and Rate Distortion Optimized Quantization (RDOQ); URQ and RDOQ are not perceptually optimized for the coding of RGB 4:4:4 video data. In this paper, we propose a novel spatiotemporal perceptual quantization technique named SPAQ. With application for RGB 4:4:4 video data, SPAQ exploits HVS spectral sensitivity-related color masking in addition to spatial masking and temporal masking; SPAQ operates at the Coding Block (CB) level and the Prediction Unit (PU) level. The proposed technique perceptually adjusts the Quantization Step Size (QStep) at the CB level if high variance spatial data in G, B and R CBs is detected and also if high motion vector magnitudes in PUs are detected. Compared with anchor 1 (HEVC HM 16.17 RExt), SPAQ considerably reduces bitrates with a maximum reduction of approximately 80%. The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) in the subjective evaluations, in addition to the SSIM scores, show that SPAQ successfully achieves perceptually lossless compression compared with anchors

    Spectral-PQ : a novel spectral sensitivity-orientated perceptual compression technique for RGB 4:4:4 video data

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    There exists an intrinsic relationship between the spectral sensitivity of the Human Visual System (HVS) and colour perception; these intertwined phenomena are often overlooked in perceptual compression research. In general, most previously proposed visually lossless compression techniques exploit luminance (luma) masking including luma spatiotemporal masking, luma contrast masking and luma texture/edge masking. The perceptual relevance of color in a picture is often overlooked, which constitutes a gap in the literature. With regard to the spectral sensitivity phenomenon of the HVS, the color channels of raw RGB 4:4:4 data contain significant color-based psychovisual redundancies. These perceptual redundancies can be quantized via color channel-level perceptual quantization. In this paper, we propose a novel spatiotemporal visually lossless coding method named Spectral Perceptual Quantization (Spectral-PQ). With application for RGB 4:4:4 video data, Spectral-PQ exploits HVS spectral sensitivity-related color masking in addition to spatial masking and temporal masking; the proposed method operates at the Coding Block (CB) level and the Prediction Unit (PU) level in the HEVC standard. Spectral-PQ perceptually adjusts the Quantization Step Size (QStep) at the CB level if high variance spatial data in G, B and R CBs is detected and also if high motion vector magnitudes in PUs are detected. Compared with anchor 1 (HEVC HM 16.17 RExt), Spectral-PQ considerably reduces bitrates with a maximum reduction of approximately 81%. The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) in the subjective evaluations show that Spectral-PQ successfully achieves perceptually lossless quality

    ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ • ๋น„์œจ ์••์ถ• ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์„ค๊ณ„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2016. 2. ์ดํ˜์žฌ.๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์žฅ์น˜์—์„œ์˜ ์••์ถ• ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์••์ถ• ํ‘œ์ค€๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์••์ถ• ์ด๋“, ์†Œ๋น„ ์ „๋ ฅ, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ณ , ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์••์ถ•๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ž˜์Šคํ„ฐ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ์ˆœ์„œ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž„์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์••์ถ• ๋‹จ์œ„๋‹น ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์••์ถ•๋ฅ ์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์••์ถ• ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. LCD ์˜ค๋ฒ„๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์••์ถ• ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋Š” BTC(block truncation coding) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์••์ถ• ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์••์ถ• ์ด๋“์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์••์ถ•๋ฅ  12์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์••์ถ• ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์••์ถ• ํšจ์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ด์›ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ก๊ณผ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์€ 2ร—16 ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ๋ธ”๋ก, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์€ 2ร—8 ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. 2ร—8 ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์••์ถ•๋ฅ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ์•ฝ๋œ ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ €๋น„์šฉ ๊ทผ์ ‘-๋ฌด์†์‹ค ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์••์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 1D SPIHT(set partitioning in hierarchical trees) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์••์ถ• ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. SPIHT์€ ๊ณ ์ • ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์••์ถ•๋ฅ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์••์ถ• ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 1D ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ 1D SPIHT์€ ๋ž˜์Šคํ„ฐ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ์ˆœ์„œ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•จ์—๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 1D SPIHT์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ธ ์†๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด 1D SPIHT ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ฝ”๋”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์กด ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ณ , ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์Šค์ผ€์ฅด๋ง์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋””์ฝ”๋”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ํŒจ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋””์ฝ”๋”ฉํ•  ๋น„ํŠธ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ถฉ์‹ค๋„(high-fidelity) RGBW ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์••์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์••์ถ• ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฐจ๋ถ„ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๊ณ , ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ-์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์••์ถ• ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ VLC(variable length coding) ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ VLC ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์••์ถ•๋ฅ ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” Golomb-Rice ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ • ๊ธธ์ด ์••์ถ• ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ ์ธ์ฝ”๋”๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ-์ฝ”๋”์™€ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ-์ฝ”๋”๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ฆฌ-์ฝ”๋”๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ-์ฝ”๋”์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ-์ฝ”๋”๋Š” ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฐ›์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ๋น„ํŠธ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ 4 1.3 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 8 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 9 2.1 BTC 9 2.1.1 ๊ธฐ๋ณธ BTC ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 9 2.1.2 ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์••์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ BTC ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 10 2.2 SPIHT 13 2.2.1 1D SPIHT ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 13 2.2.2 SPIHT ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด 17 2.3 ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ 19 2.3.1 ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 19 2.3.2 VLC 20 2.3.3 ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด 22 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ LCD ์˜ค๋ฒ„๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ BTC 24 3.1 ์ œ์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 24 3.1.1 ๋น„ํŠธ-์ ˆ์•ฝ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 25 3.1.2 ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ๊ธฐ ์„ ํƒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 29 3.1.3 ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์š”์•ฝ 31 3.2 ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ 33 3.2.1 ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค 34 3.2.2 ์ธ์ฝ”๋”์™€ ๋””์ฝ”๋”์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 37 3.3 ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 44 3.3.1 ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ 44 3.3.2 ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 49 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์ €๋น„์šฉ ๊ทผ์ ‘-๋ฌด์†์‹ค ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์••์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ์† 1D SPIHT 54 4.1 ์ธ์ฝ”๋” ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ 54 4.1.1 ์˜์กด ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์Šค์ผ€์ฅด 54 4.1.2 ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋น„ํŠธ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜ 57 4.2 ๋””์ฝ”๋” ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ 59 4.2.1 ๋น„ํŠธ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ฃผ์†Œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ 59 4.2.2 ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜-ํŒจ์Šค ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 63 4.3 ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌํ˜„ 65 4.4 ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 73 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ณ ์ถฉ์‹ค๋„ RGBW ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์••์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ • ์••์ถ•๋น„ VLC 81 5.1 ์ œ์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 81 5.1.1 RGBW ์ธํ„ฐ-์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ฐฉ์‹ 82 5.1.2 ๊ณ ์ • ์••์ถ•๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ Golomb-Rice ์ฝ”๋”ฉ 85 5.1.3 ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์š”์•ฝ 89 5.2 ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ 90 5.2.1 ์ธ์ฝ”๋” ๊ตฌ์กฐ 91 5.2.2 ๋””์ฝ”๋” ๊ตฌ์กฐ 95 5.3 ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 101 5.3.1 ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 101 5.3.2 ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 107 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ์••์ถ• ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ 113 6.1 ์••์ถ• ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋น„๊ต 113 6.2 ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋น„๊ต 120 ์ œ 7 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  125 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 128 ABSTRACT 135Docto
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