Materials for Biomedical Applications

This paper discusses two ceramic material systems for selective laser sintering (SLS) that are being developed for biomedical applications for use in repair of bone defects. SLS is the preferred method of fabricating ceramic implants that exhibit well defined porous microstructures. Implants fabricated in this. manner have proven effective in-vivo showing excellent biocompatibility as well as considerable osseous integration and remodeling of the imp'ant materialMechanical Engineerin

The Use of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based Hydrogels in Biomedical Applications

Polymers have found increasing favor in biomedical applications due to the greater control that researchers can exert over their properties. Researchers have focused on the development of therapies using biologically compatible polymers due to their ability to limit potentially harmful interactions with the body. This research has led to advances in tissue engineering, controlled and targeted drug delivery, and other biomedical fields, with the goal of improving both the effectiveness and accessibility of health care. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels possess several chemical properties that make them well suited for biomedical applications. These include inertness and stability, biocompatibility, and pH-responsiveness. As a result, PVA based materials have been studied for potential applications in areas of biomedicine such as targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing. This thesis examines the properties of PVA and seeks to understand how the chemical and physical structure affects their properties. It then examines how these properties enhance their utility in potential biomedical applications. Finally, it reviews the research into development of PVA based materials for three different biomedical applications.Chemical Engineerin

Graphenic materials for biomedical applications

Graphene-based nanomaterials have been intensively studied for their properties, modifications, and application potential. Biomedical applications are one of the main directions of research in this field. This review summarizes the research results which were obtained in the last two years (2017-2019), especially those related to drug/gene/protein delivery systems and materials with antimicrobial properties. Due to the large number of studies in the area of carbon nanomaterials, attention here is focused only on 2D structures, i.e. graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide.Web of Science912art. no. 175

Metal-insulator Transition (MIT) Materials for Biomedical Applications

Transitional metal oxides get considerable interest in electronics and other engineering applications over few decades. These materials show several orders of magnitude metal-insulator transition (MIT) triggered by external stimuli. Bio-sensing using Vanadium dioxide (VO2), a MIT material is largely unexplored. In this short article, we investigate the VO2 based thermal sensor performance for measuring the biomolecule concentration. Active sensing layer is chromium and niobium co-doped VO2 as it shows 11.9%/°C temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) with practically no thermal hysteresis. Our study demonstrated that VO2 based microsensors can be used to measure the biomolecule concentrations, which produce temperature changes in the mK range. For 1mK change in temperature, the maximum detection voltage is near 0.4V

In Diamond Health

In contrast to the sparkling gemstone, diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a thin film coating that is dense, inert, low friction and hard wearing. Interdisciplinary research, involving materials scientists, physicists, mechanical engineers, biomedical specialists and clinicians, is continuously expanding the potential and applications of DLC and enhanced carbon-based materials in the medical sector

A new educational program on biomedical engineering

At the University of Twente together with the Free University of Amsterdam a new educational program on Biomedical Engineering will be developed. The academic program with a five-year duration will start in September 2001. After a general, broad education in Biomedical Engineering in the first three years, the students specialise in one of the following areas: materials and tissue engineering; technology for restoration of human function; healthcare technolog

Biomedicals from Bone

The realm of biomaterials, under which biomedical materials can be categorised, has a broad definition base and recognises materials that are synthesized or naturally sourced. Biomaterials are normally those that come into contact with live tissue and physiological fluids. They have applications as prostheses to replace lost function of joints or to replace bone tissue, for diagnosing medical conditions, as a form of therapy, or as a storage unit. The diversity and scope of biomaterials science research, and especially its application to the improvement of trauma, disease, and congenital defects in the human condition, are making this branch of science increasingly dominant and topical in many countries. An exciting aspect is that such research is interdisciplinary. The varied problems of the human condition that biomaterials research addresses occupy the efforts not only of medical doctors who act as the end users of such technology, but also those of chemists, physicists, engineers, and biologists in creating the technological advances. Chemistry, in particular, plays a major role in such research, after all it is the foundation stone on which biomaterials polymer science and biomedical scaffold materials are built

Preparation of Dendrimeric antigen-silica particle composites

Abstract para Comunicación en el congreso tipo cartelThe desing and synthesis of new materials for biomedical applications is a high-priority research topic in a great number of biomedical areas. Moreover, advances in the fabrication of these materials are of growing interest in antibody-based diagnostic techniques. These materiasl consist in a solid support anchored with the desired bioactive molecules. Such solid supports need to be robust enough and posses surrounding reactive groups that enables the chemical bonding of the active components. Furthermore, these materials need to meet certain conditions to ensure biocompatibility and non-toxicity. In this sense, silica nanoparticles have been widely used. Our research involves the study of hybrid materials that combine the high functionality of silica nanoparticles with well defined size and controlled peripheral multivalence components like dendrimers. Dendrimer antigens, which are synthetic antigens where the role of the carrier protein is performed by a dendrimer, were supported on silica particles. These organic-inorganic hybrid materials were carefully characterized and the preparation methodology was confirmed to be highly reproducible. Such hybrid materials were used for the in vitro diagnosis of patien allergic to amoxicillin.1 Herein, we present the preparation of novel nano-materials containing new antigenics determinants of antibiotics. Amoxicillin, bencyl penicillin, clavulanic acid and its derivates were used to prepares diferent dendrimeric antigens supported on silca particles. These particles will be used to specifically and selectively detect and quantify IgE in sera from allergic patients. These new materials are a promising candidate to improve the practice of in vitro clinical diagnosis.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Protein-based materials, toward a new level of structural control

Through billions of years of evolution nature has created and refined structural proteins for a wide variety of specific purposes. Amino acid sequences and their associated folding patterns combine to create elastic, rigid or tough materials. In many respects, nature’s intricately designed products provide challenging examples for materials scientists, but translation of natural structural concepts into bio-inspired materials requires a level of control of macromolecular architecture far higher than that afforded by conventional polymerization processes. An increasingly important approach to this problem has been to use biological systems for production of materials. Through protein engineering, artificial genes can be developed that encode protein-based materials with desired features. Structural elements found in nature, such as β-sheets and α-helices, can be combined with great flexibility, and can be outfitted with functional elements such as cell binding sites or enzymatic domains. The possibility of incorporating non-natural amino acids increases the versatility of protein engineering still further. It is expected that such methods will have large impact in the field of materials science, and especially in biomedical materials science, in the future

Use of graphene as protection film in biological environments

Corrosion of metal in biomedical devices could cause serious health problems to patients. Currently ceramics coating materials used in metal implants can reduce corrosion to some extent with limitations. Here we proposed graphene as a biocompatible protective film for metal potentially for biomedical application. We confirmed graphene effectively inhibits Cu surface from corrosion in different biological aqueous environments. Results from cell viability tests suggested that graphene greatly eliminates the toxicity of Cu by inhibiting corrosion and reducing the concentration of Cu(2+) ions produced. We demonstrated that additional thiol derivatives assembled on graphene coated Cu surface can prominently enhance durability of sole graphene protection limited by the defects in graphene film. We also demonstrated that graphene coating reduced the immune response to metal in a clinical setting for the first time through the lymphocyte transformation test. Finally, an animal experiment showed the effective protection of graphene to Cu under in vivo condition. Our results open up the potential for using graphene coating to protect metal surface in biomedical application