Virtues and Vices in the Nineteenth-Century Humanities

What do scholars do when they talk about virtues (impartiality, accuracy) or vices (dogmatism, prejudice)? Against the common view that such high-minded talk is largely irrelevant to actual scholarly practice, this volume proposes to treat it as a practice in its own right. Drawing on case studies from the nineteenth-century humanities (with occasional forays into physics, chemistry, and medicine), Paul shows that notions of virtue and vice were an evaluative discourse used across the academic spectrum. Paul argues that this evaluative idiom is best studied from a rhetorical point of view, with due attention to repertoires on which scholars drew, explicit or implicit appeals to authority, multi-layered meanings of virtue and vice terms, different uses to which these concepts were put, and societal contexts that lent plausibility to scholars’ invocations of virtue and vice. Based on more than a decade of research, this volume will be a key reference for scholars interested in virtues, vices, and the history of the humanities

A Critical Study of the Methods of Higher Criticism

Beginning with the eighteenth century and continuing to the present certain Biblical scholars segmented the Pentateuch into various documents as to its origin. They claimed the methods of inquiry and principles, by which they determined. the different sources used to write the Pentateuch, were valid. This work was known as Biblical Higher Critic ism, otherwise known as just, Higher Criticism. Conservative Biblical scholarship has thoroughly disagreed with the findings of Destructive Higher Critic ism but little has been written on the methods or principles of inquiry end their application. Most conservative attacks have been at the results rather than investigation of the methods

A Study of Paul\u27s Interpretation of the Old Testament with Particular Reference to His Use of Isaiah in the Letter to the Romans

One of the most obvious characteristics of the New Testament which greets the eyes of even the casual reader is its great dependence upon the Old Testament. Words, phrases, topics, personalities, and events from the Old Testament are carried forward into the New on almost every one of its pages. It has often been stated that neither of the Testaments can be understood apart from the other. Centuries ago Augustine declared that, The New Testament lies hidden in the Old, and the Old is made plain in the New. The dependence of the New Testament upon the Old is especially seen in the many times it quotes from the Old. Estimates run around two-hundred direct and recognizable quotations with hundreds more indirect quotations and allusions. The book of Isaiah is directly quoted about sixty times and indirectly referred to about 150 times in the New Testament. The first problem is that of listing all of the places where the New Testament uses the Old and of classifying them according to their degree of directness. As one reads more closely and attempts to compare the quotations with their sources, other problems become apparent. On the word level the first group of problems are seen. Why didn\u27t the New Testament writers quote the O~d Testament with a greater degree of verbal accuracy? Then as the comparison is pressed, questions are raised as to whether the authors of the New Testament really understood the Old or not. Some times they seem to completely ignore the context of the original passage and interpret it to suit their own purposes

Authorship of the Pentateuch

This piece is a concise summary of the historical and contemporary development of Pentateuch studies in Old Testament Theology. This article aims to provide information on the possible confirmation of Mosaic authorship. The purpose is to examine how the Documentary Hypothesis, Fragment and Supplemental Hypotheses, Form and Traditio-Historical Criticism, Canonical and Literary Criticism have helped to reveal or identify the identity of the author of the Torah. To better understand the mentioned hypotheses, this article presents a brief description of the J, E, D, and P sources

The Emergence of the Science of Religion in the Netherlands

anthropology; cultural; development; ethnology; evolution; history; intellectual; nineteenth-century; religious; science; studies; theolog