Attitude to Aggressive Behaviour and Intention of Aggressive Behaviour among Adolescent School Children in Selangor state-Malaysia

This paper was written to entails the results collected after conducting an empirical research which focuses on attitude to aggressive behaviour and Intention of aggressive behaviour among adolescent school children in Selangor state Malaysia. This research was conducted in other to observed adolescent attitude that allow the students to engage in aggressive behaviour. The aim and objective here is to explore the level and relationship in attitude to aggressive behaviour and intention of aggressive behaviour among secondary school children. The research work also tries to explore how school children’s attitude can contribute to intention of aggressive behaviour. The total of 426 respondents was selected through random sampling techniques. And the instrument used for data collection was survey questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis to examine the strength of the relation between attitude to aggressive behaviour and intention of aggressive behaviour among the respondents. The t-test analysis was also run to examine the significant difference of race to intention of aggressive behaviour. And the research work used 426 school children for effective coverage, collecting information and validated data which can justify the accrued result against the respondents. The data collected from the survey was analyzed and the result shows that there is a moderate level of attitude to aggressive behaviour and intention of aggressive behaviour among the respondents. This result comes up by using descriptive analysis. While the correlation analysis shown that there is a significant positive medium relationship between attitude to aggressive behaviour and intention of aggressive behaviour (r= 0.278, p < 0.05). While the t-test results show that there is a significant difference between Malay and Non- Malay on intention to involve in aggressive behaviour. Thus, it is recommended that Ministry of Education, teachers, parents, and policy makers in any level of government should assist school children in making their school environment safe for learning. Key words: Adolescent School children, Attitude to aggressive behaviour, Intention, aggressive behaviour

A study on entrepreneurial intention among information technology technopreneurs

The purpose of the study is to investigate entrepreneurial intention among information technology technopreneurs. The model of the study is based on Shapero’s model of entrepreneurial event. Variables included in this model are Perceived Desirability, Propensity for Proactive Behaviour and Breadth and Positiveness of Past Entrepreneurial Experience that contributed towards entrepreneurial intentions for technopreneurs. The differences in values and cultures were believed to affect their entrepreneurial behaviour and intention. These served as a building block on the upbringing of an entrepreneur. Hence, a test was needed to prove this relationship. In this project, tests to compare entrepreneurial intention between three major ethnic groups in Malaysia (Malays, Chinese and Indians) were done. Self-report questionnaires were used as a survey instrument for 129 Information Technology Technopreneurs from Johor Bahru and Kuala Lumpur. The data were analyzed using custom developed software. The results indicated that perceived desirability and propensity for proactive behavior were positively related to the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, positiveness of past entrepreneurial experiences also supported positively to the perceived desirability of starting a business. It was also found that there were no significant differences on the perception of IT Technopreneurs’ towards Propensity for Proactive Behaviour and Breadth and Positiveness of Past Entrepreneurial Experience related to Race. Only Perceived Desirability showed significant values in relation to Race. Based on this study, it showed that a specific way to view entrepreneurial intention towards starting a business and the exposure to technopreneurship assessment were the practical implications which assisted entrepreneurs’ educators to develop IT techopreneurial programs and decision making among venture capitalists

Will you quit smoking for me? The role of spouses in the smoking behaviour and intention to quit of Indonesian male smokers

Would you quit smoking if your spouse asked you to? A non-smoking spouse of a smoker tends to try to make their spouse quit smoking. These attempts are called social control, and we were interested in how such interactions happen in Indonesia, the country with the highest rate of male smokers in the world. We found that smokers are open to adapting their smoking habits, such as following their spouses’ rules about smoking in the households, especially if they have children. However, the spouses’ role ends there, as heavier demands like quitting smoking risk inciting conflicts or being ignored by the smokers. We also found that children and friends are better social control agents. Unlike spouses, children and friends also have more leeway in their type of social control tactics.Furthermore, smoker identity, or the perception of how vital smoking is to the smokers’ sense of self, has a significant role in their intention to quit and how they react to social control. Smokers who could see themselves as non-smokers, exhibit a higher intention to quit smoking. Smokers who do not consider smoking as a vital part of themselves respond better to their spouses’ negative social control, i.e. they show a higher intention to quit smoking. This thesis shows that all in all, spouses have a limited influence in Indonesian smokers. Focusing on identities of Indonesian smokers, and to a lesser degree, their relationships, might be a promising way to improve health promotion and smoking prevention efforts in Indonesia

Jurors’ and judges’ evaluation of defendants with autism and the impact on sentencing : a systematic Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) review of autism spectrum disorder in the courtroom

Concern has been highlighted in the literature regarding how juries and judges handle cases which involve a defendant with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The relatively little research on judicial perceptions or decision-making regarding individuals with ASD indicates that judges have limited understanding and familiarity with high-functioning ASD (hfASD) and ASD. The present systematic review will identify studies which investigate jurors’ (eg using mock jurors) and/or judges’ evaluations of defendants with ASD and studies which investigate whether the defendant diagnosis of ASD impacts on sentencing. Only four studies were identified which investigated jurors’ and/or judges’ evaluations of a defendant with an ASD or investigated whether the defendant diagnosis of ASD impacts on sentencing. Further research is recommended which should include an evaluation of cases involving a defendant with an hfASD or ASD diagnosis comparing charges, pleas entered, procedural adjustments at court, evidence adduced about the defendant’s condition, directions to juries, judicial remarks on the evidence (eg summing-up for the jury), verdicts and sentencing. This would enable the assessment of the specific offending behaviour and disorder of the defendant, and how these may be relevant to their mental capacity and culpability

The Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to Diet in Carers of People with an Intellectual Disability

Background - The utility of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in predicting the intentions of care staff to encourage healthy eating behaviour in those they supported was examined. Method - A quantitative, within-participant, questionnaire based design was used with 112 carers to assess the performance of two TPB models. The first contained the variables: attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. The second had additional variables of self efficacy and self identity. Results - Model 1 accounted for 31% of the variance with all three variables being significant predictors. Adding variables increased the overall predictive power of the model by 4%, but resulted in a reduction in the predictive power of the individual variables. Conclusion - The results suggests the TPB is a useful model for predicting carer intentions in relation to the diet of those they support, with their perceptions of the attitudes of others towards healthy eating being a key influential factor. Ways in which this may inform interventions to improve the overall health of people with intellectual disabilities are discussed

Factors affecting the behavioral intention to park legally among urban Malaysian in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

One of the main issues that created traffic congestion is the illegal parking activities leading to traffic violation and dissatisfaction on how local authorities are managing the on-street parking in Kuala Lumpur. Current study focused on the relationship between motorist behaviour, safety and security, parking place and facilities, parking fee and intention to park legally. This study also examines the effect of enforcement factors being the mediator for motorist behaviour, safety and security and the intention to park legally. The results of the study were derived from 419 licensed motorists through convenience sampling and the response was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and the Smart Partial Least Square software. This study found that there is a significant relationship between motorist behaviour and intention to park legally. In addition, enforcement factors that mediated between motorist behaviour, safety and security and the intention to park legally were also found to be significant. However, other predictors such as safety and security, parking place and parking fee had shown that there is no direct relationship with the intention to park legally. Future study should consider conducting the study on a larger scale at national level

Healthcare professionals' intentions and behaviours: A systematic review of studies based on social cognitive theories

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is an important gap between the implications of clinical research evidence and the routine clinical practice of healthcare professionals. Because individual decisions are often central to adoption of a clinical-related behaviour, more information about the cognitive mechanisms underlying behaviours is needed to improve behaviour change interventions targeting healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to systematically review the published scientific literature about factors influencing health professionals' behaviours based on social cognitive theories. These theories refer to theories where individual cognitions/thoughts are viewed as processes intervening between observable stimuli and responses in real world situations.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We searched psycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CIHNAL, Index to theses, PROQUEST dissertations and theses and Current Contents for articles published in English only. We included studies that aimed to predict healthcare professionals' intentions and behaviours with a clear specification of relying on a social cognitive theory. Information on percent of explained variance (R²) was used to compute the overall frequency-weighted mean R²to evaluate the efficacy of prediction in several contexts and according to different methodological aspects. The cognitive factors most consistently associated with prediction of healthcare professionals' intention and behaviours were documented.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Seventy eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Among these studies, 72 provided information on the determinants of intention and 16 prospective studies provided information on the determinants of behaviour. The theory most often used as reference was the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) or its extension the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). An overall frequency-weighted mean R²of 0.31 was observed for the prediction of behaviour; 0.59 for the prediction of intention. A number of moderators influenced the efficacy of prediction; frequency-weighted mean R²varied from 0.001 to 0.58 for behaviour and 0.19 to 0.81 for intention.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest that the TPB appears to be an appropriate theory to predict behaviour whereas other theories better capture the dynamic underlying intention. In addition, given the variations in efficacy of prediction, special care should be given to methodological issues, especially to better define the context of behaviour performance.</p