Lifestyle Profile of Elderly Living with Non-communicable Disease in Bangkok and Surabaya

Lifestyle is one of the underlying risk factor of non-communicable disease (NCD). Dietary habit and exercise pattern are two indicators of lifestyle. Elderly are prone to NCD due to increased age which being independent risk factor. This study aimed to analyze and compare the lifestyle profile of elderly living with NCD between Bangkok and Surabaya, in term of dietary habit and exercise pattern, and to determine the best predictor of sedentary lifestyle among this population. This cross-sectional study involved 100 and 96 elderly with HT and/or DM in communities of Bangkok and Surabaya respectively (n=196). Self-developed instrument was used in data collection (r=0.178–0.715, Chronbach Alpha=0.644). Mann-Whitney U and regression tests were used in data analysis (α<0.05). There was a significant difference of lifestyle in elderly living with NCD between Bangkok and Surabaya (p=0.008), especially in term of eat variety food (p=0.002), oily food (p=0.015), and curry with coconut milk (p=0.026). Eat vegetable and fruit could not predict dietary habit in elderly living with NCD (p=0.064). Eat fermented food was came up as the best predictor of lifestyle (p=0.000). It was accounted for 52.1% variance in lifestyle score in this population

Public perceptions of unreliability in examination results in England: a new perspective

Presented at the 36th International Association for Educational Assessment (IAEA) Annual Conference in Bangkok, Thailand, 22-27 August 2010. This report is about a quantitative study on public perceptions of unreliability in examination results, using an online questionnaire survey

Urban nutrient balance for Bankok

To enhance agricultural sustainability, former linkages between agriculture and urban waste production should be reintroduced. Therefore, to explore the options for recycling of nutrients from mega-cities, a nutrient balance model was developed. The parameterization were established for the Bangkok Province and considers nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P). To model the food supply, an online database (FAOSTAT) estimating supply at country levels, was employed. It is argued that desaggregation to urban level is reasonable after adjustments for different economy in Bangkok than the average in Thailand. The balance shows that only a small fraction of nutrients are recovered, currently about 7 and 12% respectively, of the amount of N and P in the total food supply. On the other hand most (about 95%), of the total loss of N can be accounted for by elevated N levels in the Chao Phraya River from where also much (about 38%) of the loss of P can be explained. That is, in- and out-flows of N is almost found in balance but a huge amount of P must be accumulated somewhere. However the balance also shows that the Bangkok Province throws out into the river (and the sea) very huge quantities of plant nutrients that could be recovered and reused. For future research is it of particular interest to explore the maximum nutrient recovery fraction in different waste management systems

Innovative financing for out-of-school children and youth

Este folleto tiene como objetivo servir de referencia rápida para los responsables políticos en la región que deseen familiarizarse en enfoques no tradicionales de financiación educativa. Compila casos exitosos extraídos de diversos sectores que no sólo abren nuevos caminos sino que ofrecen factible soluciones fiscales para apoyar mejor las intervenciones educativas para los niños no escolarizados

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS FISIK, KIMIA DAN KESUKAAN YOGHURT SUSU SAPI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK BUAH JAMBU BIJI BANGKOK (Psidium guajava L.)

Yoghurt merupakan salah satu produk yang diperoleh dari susu yang telah dipasteurisasi, kemudian difermetasi dengan menggunakan kultur starter Streptococcus thermophilus dan Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Kebutuhan masyarakat akan pangan fungsional semakin meningkat sehingga diversifikasi produk susu fermentasi diharapkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas yoghurt dengan penambahan ekstrak buah jambu biji Bangkok (Psidium guajava L.), sehingga didapatkan produk yoghurt mengandung vitamin C, serat dan disukai panelis yang berguna sebagai produk pangan fungsional. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan dan konsentrasi terbaik ekstrak buah jambu biji Bangkok (Psidium guajava L.) terhadap kualitas fisik, kimia dan kesukaan yoghurt susu sapi. Materi yang dipergunakan adalah yoghurt susu sapi dan ekstrak buah jambu biji Bangkok (Psidium guajava L.). Rancangan penelitian menggunakan RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) Pola Searah dan jika terdapat pengaruh yang nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut DMRT (Duncan New Multiple Range Test). Parameter penelitian adalah vitamin C, kadar air, serat kasar, pH, keasaman, aroma, rasa, warna dan tekstur. Hasil analisis variansi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak buah jambu biji Bangkok (Psidium guajava L.) berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kualitas kimia pada parameter vitamin C, kadar air dan serat kasar. Hasil analisis variansi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak buah jambu biji Bangkok (Psidium guajava L.) berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kualitas fisik pada parameter pH dan asam laktat. Hasil analisis variansi kesukaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak buah jambu biji Bangkok (Psidium guajava L.) berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap parameter aroma, rasa, warna dan tekstur. Penambahan ekstrak buah jambu biji Bangkok (Psidium guajava L.) meningkatkan nilai aroma, rasa, warna, tekstur, vitamin C, kadar air, serat kasar dan pH pada yoghurt dan menurunkan asam laktat. Yoghurt yang paling disukai yaitu pada penambahan ekstrak buah jambu biji Bangkok (Psidium guajava L.) dengan konsentrasi 15 persen. Kata kunci: kualitas fisik, kimia, kesukaan, yoghurt, buah jambu biji Bangkok. SUMMARY Yoghurt is one of products which is derived from milk that has been pasteurized, and then it is fermented using starter cultures Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The community need towards functional food is increasing, so the diversification of fermentation milk product is expected to fulfil the demand. One way to improve the quality of yoghurt with the addition of Bangkok guava extract (Psidium guajava L.) so it can be gained the yoghurt product which contains vitamin C and fiber and it is preferred by the the panelists which is useful as a functional food product. The research is aimed to determine the effect of the addition and the best concentration extract of guava Bangkok (Psidium guajava L.) towards the quality of physical, chemical and hedonic cow's yoghurt. The materials used are cow's milk yoghurt and Bangkok guava extract. The experimental design uses CRD (Completely Randomized Design) One Way Pattern and if the effect is significant then it is analyzed by DMRT Test (Duncan New Multiple Range Test). The research parameters are vitamin C, water content, crude fiber, pH, lactic acid acidity, aroma, flavor, color and texture. The result of variants analysis shows that the addition of extract of Bangkok guava (Psidium guajava L.) is highly significant effect (P<0,01) towards the chemical quality parameters of vitamin C, water content and crude fiber. The result of variants analysis shows that the addition of extract of Bangkok guava (Psidium guajava L.) is highly significant effect (P<0,01) towards the physical quality of pH and lactic acid. The result of preference variant analysis shows that the addition of extract of Bangkok guava (Psidium guajava L.) is highly significant effect (P<0,01) parameters of aroma, flavor, color and texture. The addition of Bangkok guava extract increases the value of aroma, flavor, color, texture, vitamin C, water content, crude fiber and lower pH and lactic acid acidity on yoghurt. The most preferred yoghurt is the addition of 15 percent concentration extract of Bangkok guava (Psidium guajava L.). Keywords: Physical quality, chemical, hedonic, yoghurt, Bangkok guava

Mongolia Country Profile

[From Introduction] This country study for Mongolia is part of the ILO project \u27Employment of People with Disabilities – the Impact of Legislation\u27 which aims to enhance the capacity of national governments in selected countries of Asia and East Africa to implement effective legislation concerning the employment of people with disabilities. Starting with a systematic examination of laws in place to promote employment and training opportunities for people with disabilities in selected countries of Asia and the Pacific (Australia, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Japan, India, Mongolia, Sri Lanka and Thailand), the project sets out to examine the operation of such legislation, identify the implementation mechanisms in place and suggest improvements Technical assistance is provided to selected national governments in implementing necessary improvements. The country study outlines the main provisions of the laws in place in Mongolia concerning the employment of people with disabilities. A brief review of the implementation of the legislation is also provided, insofar as this was possible, based on a survey of documentary sources, a study by an in-country consultant and feedback from Mongolian delegates to a Project Consultation held in Bangkok, 17 January 2003. It may be read in conjunction with the regional overview prepared for this Consultation \u27Employment of People with Disabilities – the Impact of Legislation (Asia and the Pacific). Project Consultation Report, Bangkok 17 January\u27, ILO 2003

PENGARUH FREKUENSI PENAMPUNGAN SEMEN TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA PADA AYAM BANGKOK

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi penampungan semen terhadap kualitas spermatozoa ayam bangkok. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Reproduksi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Unsyiah pada bulan Desember 2015 sampai Januari 2016. Sembilan ekor ayam bangkok jantan berumur 10-12 bulan dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok perlakuan yaitu penampungan semen satu kali per minggu (A), dua kali per minggu (B), dan tiga kali per minggu (C). Pengamatan kualitas semen meliputi evaluasi makroskopis (warna, ph, volume, dan konsistensi semen), dan evaluasi mikroskopis (gerakan massa, motilitas, konsentrasi dan abnormalitas) menurut metode BIB Lembang. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variant (ANOVA). Hasil pengamatan kualitas semen ayam bangkok untuk seluruh peubah yang diamati tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata terhadap ketiga frekuensi penampungan (P>0,05). Penampungan semen satu kali per minggu, dua kali per minggu, dan tiga kali per minggu menghasilkan kualitas semen ayam bangkok yang sama. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa frekuensi penampungan semen tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas spermatozoa ayam bangkok