The social context of school playground games: Sex and ethnic differences, and changes over time after entry to junior school

This short term longitudinal study examined activities at recess and peer relations. Interest was in changes over the school year, and the sex and ethnic mix of groups. Data came from systematic observations of 129 pupils (61 boys and 68 girls) aged 7-8 years. Results showed that peer interaction dominated recess. Ball games increased over the year, and chasing games decreased. Aggression was most common during vigorous play and conversation, but not ball games. Cleavage in boys' and girls' play and activity was common but not inevitable. Mixed sex play was not supported by particular game types. Boys’ game networks were larger than those of girls but there were no sex differences in active networks. There was little ethnic group segregation on playgrounds, and games became more integrated with time. Results indicate that playground activities can have a positive role in social relations between different ethnic groups

BV as a dual space.

Let C be a field of subsets of a set I. It is well known that the space FA of all the finitely additive games of bounded variation on C is the norm dual of the space of all simple functions on C. In this paper we prove that the space BV of all the games of bounded variation on C is the norm dual of the space of all simple games on C. This result is equivalent to the compactness of the unit ball in BV with respect to the vague topology.Set functions; duality; compactness; coalitional games

Pengaruh Metode Bermain terhadap Kemampuan Shooting Bola Diam ke Gawang Permainan Sepak Bola

The research problem of this thesis was: is there any effect on games method to the ability in shooting the static ball into the goal to the male students of seventh grade at SMPN 1 Seluas. The research purpose was to know the effect of games method to the ability in shooting the static ball into the goal. The population of this research was all of the male students of seventh grade in SMPN1 Seluas with number of sample were 17 students. The research variable consists of games method and shooting static ball. The research method of this research was pre-experimental study with one-group pretest-posttest design. The implementation of this research was done by using games method and football shooting test. The research instrument was shooting ball into the goal. The data analysis of this research used t-test which is used to know the comparison of pretest and posttest. The finding of this research was gotten from the computation of t-test for shooting static ball. The result of this research was t test 3.281 meanwhile t table on the significant degree 95% and d.b (degreed of freedom) 16 was 2.120. Based on the result, it can conclude that t test (3.281) > t table (2.120)

Ball games and nutrition counseling improve postural control in overweight children

Background: Motor skills are impaired in overweight children whose levels of physical activity are low and these children are more likely to sustain lower extremity injuries. The purpose of this study was to analyze prospectively in overweight children the influence of ball games and nutrition counseling on postural control. Methods: In all, 46 overweight children (age: 6–12 years, BMI: female: 25.2 ± 3.6 kg/m2, male: 26.2 ± 2.8 kg/m2 (mean value ± standard deviation) were examined prospectively in four randomized groups (ball games, nutrition counseling, ball games and nutrition counseling, and group without intervention) for six months. A one-legged standing test was performed. Results: The children demonstrated improved postural control after six months of intervention: mean difference M1-M2 ± standard deviation: 5 ± 6 error points (p < 0.001, T = 4.906), whereas the control group without intervention did not show any significant improvement: 2 ± 8 error points (p = 0.357, T = 0.972). Conclusions: Ball games and nutrition counseling have a positive influence on postural control and therefore could help prevent injury. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01825174. Registered April 2, 201

Stochastic Approximation, Momentum, and Nash Play

Main objects here are normal-form games, featuring uncertainty and noncooperative players who entertain local visions, form local approximations, and hesitate in making large, swift adjustments. For the purpose of reaching Nash equilibrium, or learning such play, we advocate and illustrate an algorithm that combines stochastic gradient projection with the heavyball method. What emerges is a coupled, constrained, second-order stochastic process. Some friction feeds into and stabilizes myopic approximations. Convergence to Nash play obtains under seemingly weak and natural conditions, an important one being that accumulated marginal payoffs remains bounded above.Noncooperative games; Nash equilibrium; stochastic programming and approximation; the heavy ball method.

THE EFFECT OF GAMES AND TRAINING PROGRAMS OFFERED AT BALL SCHOOL (BALSCHULE), ON BALL-COORDINATION AMONG FIRST AND SECOND GRADE STUDENTS

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of games and training programs offered at the Ball school (Ballschule Heidelberg), on ball-coordination among first and second grade students. For this purpose, 38 students from 13 schools covered by the Ball school (Heidelberg Balschule), were chosen as the experimental group (non-random) ; in the meantime the consent of the students’ parents were also received. Forty students as well as a control group (non-random) of eight normal schools were selected with parental consents. Then through using ball-coordination tests [BKT (BallKoordinationstests). Ball Coordination’s Tests], the level of the ball skills among both groups were measured in the pre-test and Post-test. Tests included kicking ball against the wall (under five conditions). The research methods were semi-experimental with experimental and control groups. Independent variables were also applied to the experimental group and the means and standard deviations were calculated through descriptive statistics. And then, a T-test for statistical analysis of data in related groups were applied. The results showed a significant effect of games and training programs offered at the school ball in the ball-coordination of subjects

Research on the influence of the "three circle ball" to the handball games in 6th grader PE classes

The purpose of this research was to investigate whether game performance of 6th grader students who learned the “three circle ball” had a positive influence on handball games. The handball games were modified for students in elementary school. As a method of research, the 6-hour “three circle ball” was performed, and a handball game was carried out before and after the “three circle ball”. Both the “three circle ball” and the handball game performance were analyzed. The main results were as follows. With the learning “off the ball movement” in the “three circle ball,” game performance in handball games was improved. However, only the decision-making in shot area was not improved. From the results, to learn the “three circle ball” was great influence to handball. In addition, students should learn the decision-making in shot area

Experiential learning in global culture : the 2012 London Olympic Games as an immersive journalism framework

Since Ball State University implemented experiential learning as an integral part of undergraduate education, the concept of higher education shifted away from classroom lectures toward project-based learning, especially for media-focused majors. Students enrolled in these experiences focus on projects and collaboration rather than tests in many upper level courses. However, Ball State's focus on immersive learning pushes the boundaries and definition of a classroom environment. In the summer of 2012, the London Olympic Games became a showcase example of experiential learning. The project, teaming journalists, photographers, designers, and broadcasters, created a media outlet of stories from the Olympic Games. As a graduate assistant for BSU at the Games, I helped facilitate project creation while also immersing myself in the culture with 35 undergraduate students. As a capstone to the experience, I created an hour-long television special that aired on national television, which is my creative project. This paper dissects what qualities and advantages experiential learning brings to higher education, through my experiences during the 2012 London Olympic Games.Department of TelecommunicationsThesis (M.A.