Hunting Down the Best Model of Inflation with Bayesian Evidence

We present the first calculation of the Bayesian evidence for different prototypical single field inflationary scenarios, including representative classes of small field and large field models. This approach allows us to compare inflationary models in a well-defined statistical way and to determine the current "best model of inflation". The calculation is performed numerically by interfacing the inflationary code FieldInf with MultiNest. We find that small field models are currently preferred, while large field models having a self-interacting potential of power p>4 are strongly disfavoured. The class of small field models as a whole has posterior odds of approximately 3:1 when compared with the large field class. The methodology and results presented in this article are an additional step toward the construction of a full numerical pipeline to constrain the physics of the early Universe with astrophysical observations. More accurate data (such as the Planck data) and the techniques introduced here should allow us to identify conclusively the best inflationary model.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, uses RevTeX. Misprint corrected, references added. Matches published versio

Portraits de femmes au Biafra: Étude comparée de Chinua Achebe et Leslie Ofoegbu

This study explores the impact of the Nigerian Civil War on the daily lives and interpersonal relationships of Biafrans as they are depicted in Chinua Achebe’s Femmes en guerre et autres nouvelles and Leslie Ofoegbu’s Blow the Fire. Achebe, whose work has been translated into several languages, was the first writer to expose the Igbo country to the international scene. Ofoegbu is a Scottish woman married to a Nigerian who lived in Biafra during the war years. Beyond their differences, both authors offer insider testimonies on the conflict which tore the country apart from 1967 to 1970. Femmes en guerre et autres nouvelles is a collection of short stories, three of which are directly inspired by the conflict. Blow the Fire is an autobiographical novel which bears witness to the authors’ and her family’s daily lives at the time. This article highlights traditional values and changes of behaviour in the face of uprooting, exodus, danger and the omnipresence of death. It also reveals the crucial role played by women as the “guardians of life” in the encircled area

Rythme nycthéméral de la sécrétion de mélatonine chez le dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius)

La mélatonine, une hormone secrétée par la glande pinéale, a été dosée sur trois chamelles vivant dans le Sud de la France. Comme pour les autres espèces domestiques, les résultats montrent qu'il existe un rythme nycthéméral de la sécrétion de cette hormone chez le dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius). (Résumé d'auteur

ong et Développement Agricole Au Burkina Faso: Présence Majeure et Effets Mineurs

This report analyses the effect of NGO participation on Agriculture developmen

Autres mycoses profondes

Mucormycoses tropicalesTroisième partie: Maladies fongiques</p

La Responsabilité Sociétale de L'entreprise et Les Réactions des Parties Prenantes : le Cas de L'opérateur Téléphonique Mtn et des Utilisateurs de Téléphonie Mobile au Bénin

The purpose of this research is to understand the mechanisms by which the actions of corporate social responsibility can affect organizational commitment and organizational identification consumers. From an experiment performed with video support of social responsibility of the telephone operator MTN Benin, data were collected from a sample of judgment seven hundred and ten mobile phone users. The analysis shows that the consumer perception of the actions of social responsibility of the company affects their commitment and organizational identification. Socially responsible consumption appears as a moderating variable to put direct links days. However, the communication by the company on its "good deeds" does not seem to affect these relationships

Field optimization of pheromone traps for monitoring and controlling cocoa mirids, Sahlbergella singularis

In Cameroon, pheromone traps appear interesting to monitor or even control Sahlbergella singularis populations on cocoa farms. The efficiency of traps baited with pheromones relies on a good knowledge of both visual and olfactory stimuli that attract cocoa mirids and on appropriate trap deployment in cocoa plantations. The aim of this preliminary study is first to compare the attractiveness of traps of different colors and baited with different pheromone blends. To achieve this purpose, we monitored a total of 90 traps of 3 different colors (30 red, 30 yellow and 30 white) and baited with 2 different pheromone blends, deployed in ten 1-ha plots (100 x 100m) PVC tubular traps were monitored from March on a weekly basis. Simultaneously, experiments in flight tunnel were conducted in the laboratory to confirm trends observed in the field. Secondly, to better understand how trap deployment influences mirid capture rate, we tested 3 trap densities in a total of twenty one 1-ha plots (100 x 100m) which received different treatments: 7 plots with a high trap density (16 traps ha-1), 7 plots with a medium trap density (9 traps ha-1) and 7 plots with a low trap density (4 traps ha-1). Traps were monitored on a weekly basis. Also, mirid populations and damage were assessed in each plot twice a year. Seven plantations with no trap were sprayed with insecticide according to spraying recommendations and were also monitored to evaluate the productivity gain or loss between the two control methods. Understanding the factors involved in oriented movements of mirids in the field, will help to formulate relevant recommendations to improve integrated management of S. singularis and potentially to reduce the economical cost of control strategies. (Résumé d'auteur