An Advanced Operational Approach for Tropical Cyclone Center Estimation Using Geostationary-Satellite-Based Water Vapor and Infrared Channels

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are destructive natural disasters. Accurate prediction and monitoring are important to mitigate the effects of natural disasters. Although remarkable efforts have been made to understand TCs, operational monitoring information still depends on the experience and knowledge of forecasters. In this study, a fully automated geostationary-satellite-based TC center estimation approach is proposed. The proposed approach consists of two improved methods: the setting of regions of interest (ROI) using a score matrix (SCM) and a TC center determination method using an enhanced logarithmic spiral band (LSB) and SCM. The former enables prescreening of the regions that may be misidentified as TC centers during the ROI setting step, and the latter contributes to the determination of an accurate TC center, considering the size and length of the TC rainband in relation to its intensity. Two schemes, schemes A and B, were examined depending on whether the forecasting data or real-time observations were used to determine the initial guess of the TC centers. For each scheme, two models were evaluated to discern whether SCM was combined with LSB for TC center determination. The results were investigated based on TC intensity and phase to determine the impact of TC structural characteristics on TC center determination. While both proposed models improved the detection performance over the existing approach, the best-performing model (i.e., LSB combined with SCM) achieved skill scores (SSs) of +17.4% and +20.8% for the two schemes. In particular, the model resulted in a significant improvement for strong TCs (categories 4 and 5), with SSs of +47.8% and +72.8% and +41.2% and +72.3% for schemes A and B, respectively. The research findings provide an improved understanding of the intensity- and phase-wise spatial characteristics of TCs, which contributes to objective TC center estimation