2,312 research outputs found
What Can Wireless Cellular Technologies Do about the Upcoming Smart Metering Traffic?
The introduction of smart electricity meters with cellular radio interface
puts an additional load on the wireless cellular networks. Currently, these
meters are designed for low duty cycle billing and occasional system check,
which generates a low-rate sporadic traffic. As the number of distributed
energy resources increases, the household power will become more variable and
thus unpredictable from the viewpoint of the Distribution System Operator
(DSO). It is therefore expected, in the near future, to have an increased
number of Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) devices with Phasor Measurement
Unit (PMU)-like capabilities in the distribution grid, thus allowing the
utilities to monitor the low voltage grid quality while providing information
required for tighter grid control. From a communication standpoint, the traffic
profile will change drastically towards higher data volumes and higher rates
per device. In this paper, we characterize the current traffic generated by
smart electricity meters and supplement it with the potential traffic
requirements brought by introducing enhanced Smart Meters, i.e., meters with
PMU-like capabilities. Our study shows how GSM/GPRS and LTE cellular system
performance behaves with the current and next generation smart meters traffic,
where it is clearly seen that the PMU data will seriously challenge these
wireless systems. We conclude by highlighting the possible solutions for
upgrading the cellular standards, in order to cope with the upcoming smart
metering traffic.Comment: Submitted; change: corrected location of eSM box in Fig. 1; May 22,
2015: Major revision after review; v4: revised, accepted for publicatio
Internet of Things-aided Smart Grid: Technologies, Architectures, Applications, Prototypes, and Future Research Directions
Traditional power grids are being transformed into Smart Grids (SGs) to
address the issues in existing power system due to uni-directional information
flow, energy wastage, growing energy demand, reliability and security. SGs
offer bi-directional energy flow between service providers and consumers,
involving power generation, transmission, distribution and utilization systems.
SGs employ various devices for the monitoring, analysis and control of the
grid, deployed at power plants, distribution centers and in consumers' premises
in a very large number. Hence, an SG requires connectivity, automation and the
tracking of such devices. This is achieved with the help of Internet of Things
(IoT). IoT helps SG systems to support various network functions throughout the
generation, transmission, distribution and consumption of energy by
incorporating IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators and smart meters), as
well as by providing the connectivity, automation and tracking for such
devices. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on IoT-aided SG
systems, which includes the existing architectures, applications and prototypes
of IoT-aided SG systems. This survey also highlights the open issues,
challenges and future research directions for IoT-aided SG systems
LTE and Wi-Fi Coexistence in Unlicensed Spectrum with Application to Smart Grid: A Review
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is expanding its utilization in unlicensed band by
deploying LTE Unlicensed (LTEU) and Licensed Assisted Access LTE (LTE-LAA)
technology. Smart Grid can take the advantages of unlicensed bands for
achieving two-way communication between smart meters and utility data centers
by using LTE-U/LTE-LAA. However, both schemes must co-exist with the incumbent
Wi-Fi system. In this paper, several co-existence schemes of Wi-Fi and LTE
technology is comprehensively reviewed. The challenges of deploying LTE and
Wi-Fi in the same band are clearly addressed based on the papers reviewed.
Solution procedures and techniques to resolve the challenging issues are
discussed in a short manner. The performance of various network architectures
such as listenbefore- talk (LBT) based LTE, carrier sense multiple access with
collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) based Wi-Fi is briefly compared. Finally, an
attempt is made to implement these proposed LTEWi- Fi models in smart grid
technology.Comment: submitted in 2018 IEEE PES T&
Deep Predictive Coding Neural Network for RF Anomaly Detection in Wireless Networks
Intrusion detection has become one of the most critical tasks in a wireless
network to prevent service outages that can take long to fix. The sheer variety
of anomalous events necessitates adopting cognitive anomaly detection methods
instead of the traditional signature-based detection techniques. This paper
proposes an anomaly detection methodology for wireless systems that is based on
monitoring and analyzing radio frequency (RF) spectrum activities. Our
detection technique leverages an existing solution for the video prediction
problem, and uses it on image sequences generated from monitoring the wireless
spectrum. The deep predictive coding network is trained with images
corresponding to the normal behavior of the system, and whenever there is an
anomaly, its detection is triggered by the deviation between the actual and
predicted behavior. For our analysis, we use the images generated from the
time-frequency spectrograms and spectral correlation functions of the received
RF signal. We test our technique on a dataset which contains anomalies such as
jamming, chirping of transmitters, spectrum hijacking, and node failure, and
evaluate its performance using standard classifier metrics: detection ratio,
and false alarm rate. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed
methodology effectively detects many unforeseen anomalous events in real time.
We discuss the applications, which encompass industrial IoT, autonomous vehicle
control and mission-critical communications services.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, Communications Workshop ICC'1
A Gossip Algorithm based Clock Synchronization Scheme for Smart Grid Applications
The uprising interest in multi-agent based networked system, and the numerous
number of applications in the distributed control of the smart grid leads us to
address the problem of time synchronization in the smart grid. Utility
companies look for new packet based time synchronization solutions with Global
Positioning System (GPS) level accuracies beyond traditional packet methods
such as Network Time Proto- col (NTP). However GPS based solutions have poor
reception in indoor environments and dense urban canyons as well as GPS antenna
installation might be costly. Some smart grid nodes such as Phasor Measurement
Units (PMUs), fault detection, Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) etc.,
requires synchronous accuracy as low as 1 ms. On the other hand, 1 sec accuracy
is acceptable in management information domain. Acknowledging this, in this
study, we introduce gossip algorithm based clock synchronization method among
network entities from the decision control and communication point of view. Our
method synchronizes clock within dense network with a bandwidth limited
environment. Our technique has been tested in different kinds of network
topologies- complete, star and random geometric network and demonstrated
satisfactory performance
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