Analysis of profibus communication using process automation and decentralised periphery against conventional (4-20MA)

The research Analyses, PROFIBUS Communication using Process Automation and Decentralized Periphery against Conventional (4-20mA) was based on the process plant constructed in 2012 by staff and students in the Department of Instrumentation and control at Mangosuthu University of Technology. Further work was not done including configuring the entire process plant, testing all devices and display the image of the process plant on human machine interface. The process plant operation was never tested and the research topic has not been attempted before. The research was conducted to improve the existing plant to full operation or functional project. The research study was conducted in March 2013 by BZT Ntshangase, it was established that both DP flowmeter and PA flowmeter were not tested before, not calibrated correctly and both drives which are (MM440 and MM420) were not setup to control both pump1 and pump 2 in manual or auto mode. The Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) was not configured to communicate with all devices on the network. PROFIBUS-DP and PROFIBUS-PA devices were not set up; input measurements were not scaled to read within certain limits. All devices used in the process plant were not assigned unique addresses for the network and DSG files were not installed so that Programmable logic controller (PLC) would identify all devices on the PROFIBUS network. The research was based on analysis of PROFIBUS communication using process automation and decentralized periphery against conventional (4-20mA), where one flowmeter was communicating with a PLC via PROFIBUS-DP and the other flowmeter was communicating through PLC via ET-200M to a DP/PA coupler. Research objective was to examine the time response between the two signals, data transmission, network configurations and their communication protocols and including transmission rate for both networks. Process plant components used in the research were tested for linear scaling, reliability, generalizability and validity. The reason for performing these tests was to produce consistent results and to checks how similar results are if the research was repeated under similar circumstances. During testing, respectable results were achieved. All simulated results were compared with the real-time results and then a conclusion drawn based on the obtained information and facts. Project design, implementation, test procedures and test results were achieved because prototype performed as per design and research objectives were achieved. Simulation tests were conducted and the obtained results analysed. The achieved results showed that the proposed solution or the prototype system performed as per design. The experimental results could be useful to other researchers in the future. At the end of the study conclusion and some recommendations for further studies are discussed efficiently to utilize resources in the process plant verification and validation.Electrical EngineeringM. Tech. (Electrical Engineering

Software Support for PLC Automation Systems

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá především studiem komunikačních protokolů mezi systémy řízení technologických procesů firmy Siemens a jim nadstavbových systémů (SCADA/HMI) po rozhraní ethernet. Jedná se o systémy řízení, které jsou převážně používány firmou Aucon s.r.o. v praxi. Dále se věnuje využití OPC serverů a jejich použití s klientskými aplikacemi. Důraz je pak kladen na teoretický rozbor některých typů meziprocesní komunikace ve Windows. Od těch jednodušších až po model COM, který je základem technologie OPC. Praktická část realizuje implementaci programového rozhraní v jazyce C++ s využitím WinSock2 a IPHlpApi knihoven, zajišťující komunikaci se zařízeními Siemens Simatic S7. Toto rozhraní pak může být využíváno při programování klientských aplikací.This thesis mainly deals with the study of communication protocols between process control systems of company Siemens and their superstructural systems (SCADA/HMI) the Ethernet interface. This is a management systems, which are mainly used by Aucon s.r.o. in practice. It also deals with OPC servers, and their use with client applications. Emphasis is placed on the theoretical analysis of certain types of inter-processcommunication in Windows. From the simple one to the model COM, which is the basis of the OPC technology. Practical part realize implementation of a simple programming interface, providing communications with equipment Siemens Simatic S7. This is realized by C++ with using WinSock2 a IPHlpApi libraries. This interface can be used at programming client application.

Design and Implementation of Smart Sensors with Capabilities of Process Fault Detection and Variable Prediction

A typical sensor consists of a sensing element and a transmitter. The major functions of a transmitter are limited to data acquisition and communication. The recently developed transmitters with ‘smart’ functions have been focused on easy setup/maintenance of the transmitter itself such as self-calibration and self-configuration. Recognizing the growing computational capabilities of microcontroller units (MCUs) used in these transmitters and underutilized computational resources, this thesis investigates the feasibility of adding additional functionalities to a transmitter to make it ‘smart’ without modifying its foot-print, nor adding supplementary hardware. Hence, a smart sensor is defined as sensing elements combined with a smart transmitter. The added functionalities enhance a smart sensor with respect to performing process fault detection and variable prediction. This thesis starts with literature review to identify the state-of-the-arts in this field and also determine potential industry needs for the added functionalities. Particular attentions have been paid to an existing commercial temperature transmitter named NCS-TT105 from Microcyber Corporation. Detailed examination has been made in its internal hardware architecture, software execution environment, and additional computational resources available for accommodating additional functions. Furthermore, the schemes of the algorithms for realizing process fault detection and variable prediction have been examined from both theoretical and feasibility perspectives to incorporate onboard NCS-TT105. An important body of the thesis is to implement additional functions in the MCUs of NCS-TT105 by allocating real-time execution of different tasks with assigned priorities in the real-time operating system (RTOS). The enhanced NCS-TT105 has gone through extensive evaluation on a physical process control test facility under various normal/fault conditions. The test results are satisfactory and design specifications have been achieved. To the best knowledge of the author, this is the first time that process fault detection and variable prediction have been implemented right onboard of a commercial transmitter. The enhanced smart transmitter is capable of providing the information of incipient faults in the process and future changes of critical process variables. It is believed that this is an initial step towards the realization of distributed intelligence in process control, where important decisions regarding the process can be made at a sensor level

Kommunikation und Bildverarbeitung in der Automation

In diesem Open Access-Tagungsband sind die besten Beiträge des 11. Jahreskolloquiums "Kommunikation in der Automation" (KommA 2020) und des 7. Jahreskolloquiums "Bildverarbeitung in der Automation" (BVAu 2020) enthalten. Die Kolloquien fanden am 28. und 29. Oktober 2020 statt und wurden erstmalig als digitale Webveranstaltung auf dem Innovation Campus Lemgo organisiert. Die vorgestellten neuesten Forschungsergebnisse auf den Gebieten der industriellen Kommunikationstechnik und Bildverarbeitung erweitern den aktuellen Stand der Forschung und Technik. Die in den Beiträgen enthaltenen anschauliche Anwendungsbeispiele aus dem Bereich der Automation setzen die Ergebnisse in den direkten Anwendungsbezug

Open source SCADA systems for small renewable power generation

Low cost monitoring and control is essential for small renewable power systems. While large renewable power systems can use existing commercial technology for monitoring and control, that is not cost-effective for small renewable generation. Such small assets require cost-effective, flexible, secure, and reliable real-time coordinated data monitoring and control systems. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is the perfect technology for this task. The available commercial SCADA solutions are mostly pricey and economically unjustifiable for smaller applications. They also pose interoperability issues with the existing components which are often from multiple vendors. Therefore, an open source SCADA system represents the most flexible and the most cost-effective SCADA solution. This thesis has been done in two phases. The first phase demonstrates the design and dynamic simulation of a small hybrid power system with a renewable power generation system as a case study. In the second phase, after an extensive study of the proven commercial SCADA solutions and some open source SCADA packages, three different secure, reliable, low-cost open source SCADA options are developed using the most recent SCADA architecture, the Internet of Things. The implemented prototypes of the three open source SCADA systems were tested extensively with a small renewable power system (a solar PV system). The results show that the developed open source SCADA systems perform optimally and accurately, and could serve as viable options for smaller applications such as renewable generation that cannot afford commercial SCADA solutions

Diagnostic Tools Based on Edge Technologies in Automation

Průmysl 4.0 představil společnosti mnoho možností pro získání a zpracování dat. Pro učinění správného rozhodnutí při obsluze průmyslových strojů a lepší plánování jejich údržby je nyní k dispozici mnohem větší množství relevantních informací. Cílem této práce je vytvoření diagnostického nástroje pro automatizaci s využitím edge technologie. Vytvořená aplikace bude realizovat komunikaci mezi reálnou průmyslovou technologií a vzdáleným zobrazovacím serverem. Zobrazovací server bude poskytovat obsluze a manažerům koncentrovaná data o stavu výroby. Tato koncentrovaná data budou zobrazena pomocí iBa DaVis serveru skrze dashboard využívající dostupných nástrojů daného vývojového prostředí. Pro realizaci tohoto řetězce bude využito běžného PLC fungujícího jako edge zařízení. Toto PLC bude připojeno do existující řídicí struktury stroje, odtud bude získávat data, která bude předzpracovávat a ve zjednodušené podobě, pouze několika hodnot, odesílat na internet. Tyto extrahované hodnoty jsou nazvány KPI, podle anglického Key Performance Indikátor. Internetový databázový server je provozován majitelem průmyslového stroje, firmou Elvac a.s. Hodnoty KPI uložené na databázovém serveru jsou následně zobrazovány pomocí iBa DaVis do přehledného dashboardu. Celá práce si klade za cíl pomoci s dostupností informací o výkonu stroje napříč firemním prostředím.Industry 4.0 has presented companies with many opportunities for data acquisition and processing. Much more relevant information is now available to make the right decisions when operating industrial machinery and to better plan its maintenance. The aim of this thesis is to develop a diagnostic tool for automation utilizing edge technology. The developed application will realize the communication between the real industrial technology and the remote display server. The display server will provide the operators and managers with concentrated data about the production status. This concentrated data will be displayed by the iBa DaVis server through a dashboard using available tools of the development environment. A conventional PLC acting as an edge device will be employed to implement this control pipeline. This PLC will be connected to the existing machine control structure, from where it will receive the data, pre-process it and send it to the internet in a simplified form of just a few values. These extracted values are called KPI, Key Performance Indicator. The internet database server is operated by the owner of the industrial machine, Elvac a.s. The KPI values stored on the database server are then displayed using iBa DaVis in a convenient dashboard. The whole work aims to help with the availability of machine performance information across the corporate environment.460 - Katedra informatikyvýborn

Energy Efficiency

This book is one of the most comprehensive and up-to-date books written on Energy Efficiency. The readers will learn about different technologies for energy efficiency policies and programs to reduce the amount of energy. The book provides some studies and specific sets of policies and programs that are implemented in order to maximize the potential for energy efficiency improvement. It contains unique insights from scientists with academic and industrial expertise in the field of energy efficiency collected in this multi-disciplinary forum