Sensory quality of scab-resistant apple cultivars

Twenty-two scab-resistant apple cultivars were harvested in autumn 1999 and evaluated for sensory quality the following October, November and December. Multivariate analysis was effective in describing the comblex relationships and variabillity among the numerous attributes used to characterise apple quality. Crispness, mealiness, skin toughness, apple flavour, sweetness, unripe flavour and overripe flavour were informative attributes describing the variation in the sensory quality. Texture attributes, apple flavour and overripe flavour were affected by storage. Extended storage resulted in an increase in mealiness and overripe flavour and a decrease in crispness, juiciness and apple flavour. Many potential scab-resistant cultivars were suitable for consumption in October: 'Dayton', 'Primicia', 'Retina' and 'Realka'; in November: 'Merlijn', 'Saturn', 'Initial', 'Realka', 'Rajka' and 'Rubinola'; and in December: 'Otava', 'Ecolette', 'Rejka', 'Rubinola', 'Delorina', 'Initial' and 'Resista' and 'Topaz'. This study gives a sensory sharacterisation of scab-resistant cultivars as an indicator of suitability for commercial growing and marketing of low-input apple cultivars

Prospecting for organic fungicides and resistance inducers to control scab (Venturia inaequalis) in organic apple production

As a part of the REPCO project we are prospecting for plant extracts and other materials to control apple scab in order to find substitutes for copper fungicides in organic apple production. Two routine screening systems are used to evaluate the potential of materials to control apple scab; one testing the effect of materials on conidium germination on glass slides, and one testing the effect of materials on scab development on apple seedlings grown in growth chambers. Several interesting materials have been identified and a number have been selected for testing in experimental organic apple orchards. Studies of the mode of action of promising materials including induced resistance are on-going and work on improvement of timing and formulation is initiated at KVL

ISOLASI DAN UJI MIKROBA ANTAGONIS POTENSIAL DARI RHIZOSFIR DENGAN PENYAKIT BUSUK BUAH (Gloeosporium sp) DAN MATA AYAM (Helminthosporium populosum) TANAMAN APEL (Malus sylvestris Mill)

Apple represent annual fruit crop which come from Asian area of south-east with tropical sub climate. Apple containing many vitamin of C and of B, besides frequent apple become choice perpetrator of diet as food of subtitusi Strive operation to pest have been conducted that is by using organic pesticide, but operation to disease not yet earned to be optimally because still the limited informations about operation of effective disease without using chemical pesticide.\ud This research aim to to get microbe isolat of antagonis of obtained apple crop rhizosfir of Earth aji area apple crop root land;ground and of Sumbergondo Stone to control rotten patogen of chicken eye and fruit apple. Hypothesis which raised in this research anticipated that from apple crop rhizosfir there are microbe of antagonis able to depress rotten pathogen of chicken eye and fruit apple.\ud This research is executed in Laboratory of HPT Agronomi Faculty Of Agriculture University of Muhammadiyah Malang in September 2008 until January 2009. Appliance which used in this research is petridish, pipette, mikropipet, pinset, borer cork, knife of skapel, save reaction, autoclave, enkas, LAF, microscope, glass of preparat, digital camera, digital microscope, weighing-machine, measure glass, gas burner, glass bottle, bunsen. Materials which used in this research is come down with apple, potato, flesh, dekstrosa, pepthon, to be without colourant, alcohol 75%, lactofenol, formalin 4%, cotton, paper filter, bale plastic, plastic hold up aquadest.\ud Execution in this research for example microbe insulation of antagonis of rhizosfer, insulation of patogen of apple, test speed of growth, test speed of potential microbe antagonistik to patogen. Result got two especial disease apple. Result got two especial disease at apple is decaying chicken eye and fruit.\ud Is got by 10 microbe type of antagonis which consist of 8 mushroom isolat and 2 bacterium isolat to fight against especial disease at apple that is decaying chicken eye and fruit. Antagonis Isolat capable to fight against growth of Rotten pathogen of Fruit is antagonis 5 equal to 93.03 %, antagonis 8 equal to 92.92 % and antagonis 3 equal to 92.56 %. Antagonis Isolat capable to fight against growth of Eye Chicken pathogen is antagonis 4 equal to 91.06 %, antagonis 1 equal to 90.36 % and antagonis 7 equal to 89.85 %

Дослідження системи операційного менеджменту організації, на прикладі Apple Computer, Inc

The object of investigation is the process of managing of operating activities of Apple, Inc. The aim of the work is to formulate theoretical approaches and to develop practical recommendations on directions of improvement of operating management at the organization. Research methods cover methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, detailing, system approach. This master’s research paper analyzes the operational management of Apple, Inc. and provides recommendations for it’s improvement. In particular, the main directions of solving the problems of operational management of the company have been outlined, the proposals on improvement of expansion distribution network and organization of innovative activity of the Apple Inc. have been made.Об'єкт дослідження ‒ процес управління операційною діяльністю компанії Apple, Inc. Мета дослідження - формування теоретичних підходів та розробка практичних рекомендацій щодо напрямів вдосконалення системи операційного менеджменту компанії Apple, Inc. Методи дослідження: методи аналізу, синтезу, порівняння, деталізації, системний підхід. У роботі проведено аналіз операційного менеджменту Apple, Inc., а також викладені рекомендації щодо його вдосконалення. Зокрема, окреслено основні напрями вирішення проблем операційного менеджменту компанії, внесено пропозиції щодо розширення дистриб’юторської мережі, а також вдосконалення організації інноваційної діяльності Apple Inc.Introduction 6 CHAPTER 1 THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT 8 1.1 Meanings and definition of operational management 8 1.2 Principles and methods of operations management 12 1.3 Factors affecting the Operations activity of Apple Inc. company 21 CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS 31 2.1 Сompany introduction 31 2.2 SWOT - analysis of Apple Inc. Company 46 2.3 Analysis of operation management at Apple Inc 50 CHAPTER 3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING OF OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT AT THE APPLE INC 63 3.1 The main directions of solving operational management problems of the company 63 3.2 Recommendations concerning improvements of Distribution in the organization 65 3.3 Recommendations concerning improvements of innovative activity at the organization 67 CHAPTER 4 SPECIAL PART 73 4.1 Current trends in the field 73 4.2 Company policy in the market 75 CHAPTER 5 RATIONALE FOR RECOMMENDATIONS 77 5.1 Statement for recommendations at Company 77 CHAPTER 6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY AT THE ENTERPRISE 79 6.1 The aim of occupational health 79 6.2 Organization of occupational health and safety at the enterprise 86 CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 92 7.1 Environmental issues in the field 92 7.2 Еnvironmental factors 94 Conclusions 96 References 98 Appendices 10

Resistance management in Vf apple scab resistant organic apple orchards

Modern Vf scab resistant apple varieties open the way for organic growers to lower fungicide input, higher yields, better skin quality, more biological control for mites and insect pests and better consumer acceptance of their management practices. Manny examples in the past years have shown however that the Vf resis-tance can be easily overcome by local scab populations in north-western Europe. Discussions during the meetings of the IOBC working group Diseases in Orchards in 2000 in Fontevraud (France) and in 2003 in Lindau (Germany) lead to a set of management practises necessary to prevent gene-fulx, and selection to-wards Vf virulence in the local apple scab populations. Eleven orchards of the Vf resistant apple variety Santana that where planted between 1998 and 2000 where monitored for apple scab lesions on fruits form 2002 to 2005. The results where evaluated in respect tot the applied resistance management practices. We conclude that fungicide treatments on the major primary scab infections are the key factor in the resistance management on Vf resistant apple varieties. From a practical viewpoint these early season fungicide applications are also necessary for the control of powdery mildew, as the main Vf- resistant apple cultivars appear to be relatively susceptible to powdery mildew. For private gardens apple varieties with field resistance to apple scab should be advised, not Vf resistant varieties

Apple v. Pepper: Applying the Indirect Purchaser Rule to Online Platforms

Long-established antitrust precedent bars customers who buy a firm’s product through intermediaries from suing that firm for antitrust damages. In Apple Inc. v. Pepper, this “indirect purchaser rule” is brought into the smartphone age in a price-fixing dispute between technology giant Apple and iPhone users. This case will determine whether iPhone users buy smartphone applications directly from Apple through the App Store, or if Apple is merely an intermediary seller-agent of app developers. The indirect purchase rule is generally considered settled precedent. How the rule should apply to online platforms, however, differs between circuit courts, which have split on the question of how to determine which users of online marketplaces are direct purchasers and which users are indirect purchasers. Here, the Supreme Court must decide whether the app purchasers are direct purchasers of apps from Apple. If so, the plaintiff app purchasers can proceed in bringing an antitrust suit against Apple. Alternatively, the Court could decide that the consumer app purchasers are merely indirect purchasers of Apple, who actually buy apps directly from third-party software developers. In that case, Apple would be classified as a passive middleman, immune to antitrust suit by app purchasers. The Court should take the former approach and affirm the decision of the Ninth Circuit holding that consumer app purchasers have standing to sue Apple’s App Store. Otherwise, consumers will be unable to recover for potentially legitimate antitrust injuries, and Apple’s conduct will be unlikely to be challenged by another party

New fungicides for apple scab control in organic growing

In the future control of apple scab in organic apple growing could be based on the use of natural fungicides like plant extracts and oils. Current projects are testing this idea

Influence of Processing on Bioactive Substances Content and Antioxidant Properties of Apple Purée from Organic and Conventional Production in Poland

The organic food market is developing dynamically in many European countries and therefore studies concerning the nutritive value of organically produced foods are becoming increasingly important. It was found appropriate to conduct studies on selected bioactive substances and antioxidant properties of apple preserves prepared from organic vs. conventional apples. Three apple cultivars, Lobo, Boskoop and Cortland, were grown in organic and conventional orchards in the Mazovia region in Poland. Dry matter, total phenols, vitamin C, total flavones and antioxidant activity were determined in fresh and pasteurized apple purée. The apple purée prepared from the organic apples contained significantly more total phenols, vitamin C, total flavones and showed a higher antioxidant capacity than the preserves prepared from conventional apples. Processing had a negative effect on both antioxidant capacity and bioactive substances. After pasteurization, the content of vitamin C, total phenols and flavones and antioxidant properties have decreased in the apple purée from both agricultural systems (organic and conventional)