Semantic Representation and Composition for Unknown Compounds in E-HowNet

PACLIC 20 / Wuhan, China / 1-3 November, 200

Semantically intelligent semi-automated ontology integration

An ontology is a way of information categorization and storage. Web Ontologies provide help in retrieving the required and precise information over the web. However, the problem of heterogeneity between ontologies may occur in the use of multiple ontologies of the same domain. The integration of ontologies provides a solution for the heterogeneity problem. Ontology integration is a solution to problem of interoperability in the knowledge based systems. Ontology integration provides a mechanism to find the semantic association between a pair of reference ontologies based on their concepts. Many researchers have been working on the problem of ontology integration; however, multiple issues related to ontology integration are still not addressed. This dissertation involves the investigation of the ontology integration problem and proposes a layer based enhanced framework as a solution to the problem. The comparison between concepts of reference ontologies is based on their semantics along with their syntax in the concept matching process of ontology integration. The semantic relationship of a concept with other concepts between ontologies and the provision of user confirmation (only for the problematic cases) are also taken into account in this process. The proposed framework is implemented and validated by providing a comparison of the proposed concept matching technique with the existing techniques. The test case scenarios are provided in order to compare and analyse the proposed framework in the analysis phase. The results of the experiments completed demonstrate the efficacy and success of the proposed framework

From Atoms to the Solar System: Generating Lexical Analogies from Text

A lexical analogy is two pairs of words (w1, w2) and (w3, w4) such that the relation between w1 and w2 is identical or similar to the relation between w3 and w4. For example, (abbreviation, word) forms a lexical analogy with (abstract, report), because in both cases the former is a shortened version of the latter. Lexical analogies are of theoretic interest because they represent a second order similarity measure: relational similarity. Lexical analogies are also of practical importance in many applications, including text-understanding and learning ontological relations. This thesis presents a novel system that generates lexical analogies from a corpus of text documents. The system is motivated by a well-established theory of analogy-making, and views lexical analogy generation as a series of three processes: identifying pairs of words that are semantically related, finding clues to characterize their relations, and generating lexical analogies by matching pairs of words with similar relations. The system uses a dependency grammar to characterize semantic relations, and applies machine learning techniques to determine their similarities. Empirical evaluation shows that the system performs remarkably well, generating lexical analogies at a precision of over 90%

Design-by-Analogy Using the WordTree Method and an Automated WordTree Generating Tool

Design-by-Analogy is an approach that is widely embraced by engineers and designers seeking innovative designs. The identification of analogies for use in engineering design problems is usually a spontaneous action that is brought about by accident and not by a systematic design process applied during the idea generation stage of new product development. A Design-by-Analogy method developed to lead designers systematically to analogies that can be useful for solving design problems is the WordTree Method. The WordTree Method uses the semantic relationships between verbs, extracted from design problems, to lead engineers and designers to potentially useful analogies. The WordTree Method is a relatively new design method, and as with any new design method, there is room for improvement. In this thesis, a tool called WordTree Express (WTE) was developed to automate the generation of the database-based WordTrees used during the application of the WordTree Method. This tool (WTE) showed, from an experiment, that its implementation had a positive effect on the opinions of the engineers and designers who used it for solving a design problem. The effects found from surveying the participants suggested that the participants were more likely to apply the method in their future design problems with the WTE tool than when they applied the method without the WTE tool. Although the WTE tool did not show statistical significance (p<0.1) in increasing the number of analogies identified by the participants, compared to the non-automated method, it did enable the process of identifying analogies to be done faster. Tools designed to perform tasks faster and more efficiently usually tend to have a positive effect on its users. Different ontologies were studied for their value in the application to Design-by-Analogy in engineering. Recommendations for further work advancing the WordTree Method and contributions to Design-by-Analogy are presented in the future work section