3 research outputs found

    Supporting public decision making in policy deliberations: An ontological approach

    Get PDF
    This is the post-print version of the Paper. The official published version can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2011 SpringerSupporting public decision making in policy deliberations has been a key objective of eParticipation which is an emerging area of eGovernment. EParticipation aims to enhance citizen involvement in public governance activities through the use of information and communication technologies. An innovative approach towards this objective is exploiting the potentials of semantic web technologies centred on conceptual knowledge models in the form of ontologies. Ontologies are generally defined as explicit human and computer shared views on the world of particular domains. In this paper, the potentials and benefits of using ontologies for policy deliberation processes are discussed. Previous work is then extended and synthesised to develop a deliberation ontology. The ontology aims to define the necessary semantics in order to structure and interrelate the stages and various activities of deliberation processes with legal information, participant stakeholders and their associated arguments. The practical implications of the proposed framework are illustrated.This work is funded by the European Commission under the 2006/1 eParticipation call

    Une approche pour supporter l'analyse qualitative des suites d'actions dans un environnement géographique virtuel et dynamique : l'analyse " What-if " comme exemple

    Get PDF
    Nous proposons une approche basĂ©e sur la gĂ©osimulation multi-agent et un outil d’aide Ă  la dĂ©cision pour supporter l’analyse « What-if » durant la planification des suites d’actions (plans) dans un environnement gĂ©ographique dynamique. Nous prĂ©sentons les caractĂ©ristiques du raisonnement « What-if » en tant 1) que simulation mentale 2) suivant un processus en trois Ă©tapes et 3) basĂ© sur du raisonnement causal qualitatif. Nous soulignons les limites de la cognition humaine pour appliquer ce raisonnement dans le cadre de la planification des suites d’actions dans un environnement gĂ©ographique dynamique et nous identifions les motivations de notre recherche. Ensuite, nous prĂ©sentons notre approche basĂ©e sur la gĂ©osimulation multi-agent et nous identifions ses caractĂ©ristiques. Nous traitons en particulier trois problĂ©matiques majeures. La premiĂšre problĂ©matique concerne la modĂ©lisation des phĂ©nomĂšnes gĂ©ographiques dynamiques. Nous soulignons les limites des approches existantes et nous prĂ©sentons notre modĂšle basĂ© sur le concept de situation spatio-temporelle que nous reprĂ©sentons en utilisant le formalisme de graphes conceptuels. En particulier, nous prĂ©sentons comment nous avons dĂ©fini ce concept en nous basant sur les archĂ©types cognitifs du linguiste J-P. DesclĂ©s. La deuxiĂšme problĂ©matique concerne la transformation des rĂ©sultats d’une gĂ©osimulation multi-agent en une reprĂ©sentation qualitative exprimĂ©e en termes de situations spatio-temporelles. Nous prĂ©sentons les Ă©tapes de traitement de donnĂ©es nĂ©cessaires pour effectuer cette transformation. La troisiĂšme problĂ©matique concerne l’infĂ©rence des relations causales entre des situations spatio-temporelles. En nous basant sur divers travaux traitant du raisonnement causal et de ses caractĂ©ristiques, nous proposons une solution basĂ©e sur des contraintes causales spatio-temporelles et de causalitĂ© pour Ă©tablir des relations de causation entre des situations spatio-temporelles. Finalement, nous prĂ©sentons MAGS-COA, une preuve de concept que nous avons implĂ©mentĂ©e pour Ă©valuer l’adĂ©quation de notre approche comme support Ă  la rĂ©solution de problĂšmes rĂ©els. Ainsi, les principales contributions de notre travail sont: 1- Une approche basĂ©e sur la gĂ©osimulation multi-agent pour supporter l’analyse « What-if » des suites d’actions dans des environnements gĂ©ographiques virtuels. 2- L’application d’un modĂšle issu de recherches en linguistique Ă  un problĂšme d’intĂ©rĂȘt pour la recherche en raisonnement spatial. 3- Un modĂšle qualitatif basĂ© sur les archĂ©types cognitifs pour modĂ©liser des situations dynamiques dans un environnement gĂ©ographique virtuel. 4- MAGS-COA, une plateforme de simulation et d’analyse qualitative des situations spatio-temporelles. 5- Un algorithme pour l’identification des relations causales entre des situations spatio-temporelles.We propose an approach and a tool based on multi-agent geosimulation techniques in order to support courses of action’s (COAs) “What if” analysis in the context of dynamic geographical environments. We present the characteristics of “What if” thinking as a three-step mental simulation process based on qualitative causal reasoning. We stress humans’ cognition limits of such a process in dynamic geographical contexts and we introduce our research motivations. Then we present our multi-agent geosimulation-based approach and we identify its characteristics. We address next three main problems. The first problem concerns modeling of dynamic geographical phenomena. We stress the limits of existing models and we present our model which is based on the concept of spatio-temporal situations. Particularly, we explain how we define our spatio-temporal situations based on the concept of cognitive archetypes proposed by the linguist J-P. DesclĂ©s. The second problem consists in transforming the results of multi-agent geosimulations into a qualitative representation expressed in terms of spatio-temporal situations and represented using the conceptual graphs formalism. We present the different steps required for such a transformation. The third problem concerns causal reasoning about spatio-temporal situations. In order to address this problem, we were inspired by works of causal reasoning research community to identify the constraints that must hold to identify causal relationships between spatio-temporal situations. These constraints are 1) knowledge about causality, 2) temporal causal constraints and 3) spatial causal constraints. These constraints are used to infer causal relationships among the results of multi-agent geosimulations. Finally, we present MAGS-COA, a proof on concept that we implemented in order to evaluate the suitability of our approach as a support to real problem solving. The main contributions of this thesis are: 1- An approach based on multi-agent geosimulation to support COA’s “What if” analysis in the context of virtual geographic environments. 2- The application of a model proposed in the linguistic research community to a problem of interest to spatial reasoning research community. 3- A qualitative model based on cognitive archetypes to model spatio-temporal situations. 4- MAGS-COA, a platform of simulation and qualitative analysis of spatio-temporal situations. 5- An algorithm to identify causal relationships between spatio-temporal situations
    corecore