5 research outputs found
An Extended Interpretation of the Thermodynamic Theory Including an Additional Energy Associated with a Decrease in Mass
Although its practical efficiency is unquestionable, the thermodynamic tool
presents a slight inconsistency from the theoretical point of view. After
exposing arguments, which explain this opinion, a suggestion is put forward to
solve the problem. It consists of linking the mass-energy relation d m = m
c^{2} to the laws of thermodynamics. This combination results in a
clarification of the theory and opens a bridge between thermodynamics and
gravitation. It is shown that the submicroscopic consideration, which is based
on the cellular concept of the real physical space when the space is treated as
the tessellation lattice, indeed strongly supports the idea of a variation in
mass in thermodynamic processes.Comment: 25 pages and 6 figure
Heavy electrons: Electron droplets generated by photogalvanic and pyroelectric effects
Electron clusters, X-rays and nanosecond radio-frequency pulses are produced
by 100 mW continuous-wave laser illuminating ferroelectric crystal of LiNbO_3.
A long-living stable electron droplet with the size of about 100 mcm has freely
moved with the velocity 0.5 cm/s in the air near the surface of the crystal
experiencing the Earth gravitational field. The microscopic model of cluster
stability, which is based on submicroscopic mechanics developed in the real
physical space, is suggested. The role of a restraining force plays the inerton
field, a substructure of the particles' matter waves, which a solitary one can
elastically withstand the Coulomb repulsion of electrons. It is shown that
electrons in the droplet are heavy electrons whose mass at least 1 million of
times exceeds the rest mass of free electron. Application for X-ray imaging and
lithography is discussed.Comment: 15 p., 3 fig