2 research outputs found

    0028/2009 - Problemas na Elicitaรงรฃo de Requisitos: Uma visรฃo de pesquisa/literatura

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    A primeira fase na engenharia de requisitos รฉ a elicitaรงรฃo de requisitos, na qual as informaรงรตes sobre as necessidades do cliente sรฃo adquiridas, sendo crucial e crรญtica e podendo comprometer todas as etapas subseqรผentes do desenvolvimento. O presente relatรณrio apresenta um levantamento dos problemas que ocorrem durante a elicitaรงรฃo de requisitos citados na literatura da รกrea

    Development of Integrated Production Planning System for Shipbuilding and Application of Artificial Intelligence

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กฐ์„ ํ•ด์–‘๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, 2022.2. ์šฐ์ข…ํ›ˆ.์กฐ์„ ์—…์€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์กฐ์„ ์†Œ ๊ฒฝ์˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. 2008๋…„ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ด์–ด์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์„ ์—… ๋ถˆํ™ฉ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ ์„ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ์กฐ์„ ์—…์€ ์ผ๋ณธ, ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์น˜์—ดํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฃผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ฃผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์›๊ฐ€ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ญ๋น„ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์‹คํ•˜๋‹ค. ์กฐ์„ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์กฐ์„  CIM ๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๋„์ž…์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์กฐ์„ ์†Œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์‚ฌ์  ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(ERP)์˜ ๋„์ž…์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด Advanced Planning ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์กฐ์„  ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์„ ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ, ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์—…๋ฌด์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ERP๋„์ž…์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ „์‚ฌ์  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ„ํš์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณ„ํš์ž์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ „์‚ฌ ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš์ž์˜ ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ „์‚ฌ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ERP์™€ ์—ฐ๋™ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „์‚ฌ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์— ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ตœ๊ทผ IT ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์กฐ์„ ์†Œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์„ ์†Œ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํš์ธ ์„ ํ‘œ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Berth plan ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ์ œ์•ฝ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต์ข…๋ณ„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๋„ํ•™์Šต(Supervised learning)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ S-Curve๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํš์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณ„ํš์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” Gantt planning์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•™์Šต(Reinforcement learning) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ผ์ •๊ณ„ํš ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์  ์ตœ์ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๊ณ , ์กฐ์„ ์†Œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ์กฐ์„  ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์ •ํ•œ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋“ค์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.The shipbuilding industry is a representative industry which produces on orders and securing a certain level of order volume is the most important thing in shipyard management. During the long-term depression in the shipbuilding industry since the 2008 global financial crisis, the shipbuilding industry has not improved its order prices, and the Korean shipbuilding industry is competing fiercely with Japan and China for orders. It is necessary to develop a ship with excellent performance and to innovate the production cost for the competitiveness of winning orders. There is an urgent need to upgrade the production planning system that supports making sophisticated production plans. In the shipbuilding industry, the concept of the production planning system was discussed along with the establishment of the shipbuilding CIM in the 1980s, followed by the introduction of personal computers in the 1990s. Production planning systems for making advanced planning had developed in line with the introduction of the enterprise resource planning system (ERP) mainly by large shipyards in the 2000s. Since the 2000s, there have been attempts to apply the optimization technique to shipbuilding production planning, and there have been studies to efficiently implement production planning and support making optimal production plans, such as introducing a simulation technique to build a digital shipyard. But, due to complexity of shipbuilding process, limitations of optimization and simulation technology, there were insufficient cases applied to actual production planning work. In this study, an example of developing the production planning system by analyzing and designing production planning tasks at the company-wide process level in line with the introduction of ERP and applying a systematic development methodology is introduced. Along with system construction, standard data used for planning was established and standard codes were defined. The existing production planning system has been developed and used with limited functions to meet the needs of some planners. Planning data was not used as a company-wide standard, and production planning tasks were not defined as a company-wide business process. Through the case study, a production planning process integrated into the enterprise process that can be operated in conjunction with ERP was established. In addition, with the recent development of IT technology and rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the possibility of optimization and application of artificial intelligence technology to shipyard production plans was reviewed. The constraint satisfaction technique was applied to making the Berth plan for the long-term plan of the shipyard, and the appropriate S-Curve could be suggested through supervised learning for load analysis by work type. The applicability of reinforcement learning technology was reviewed for Gantt planning, which is generally used in master planning, which is a medium-term plan. Most of the existing schedule planning optimization studies have tried to find a mathematical optimal solution, but the size of the problem is too large, and when considering various variables in shipyard production, it is difficult for the optimal solution considering some variables to be the optimal production plan for the entire shipbuilding production. It was confirmed through case studies that it can be effective to derive appropriate cases that satisfy the constraints to be considered when making a production plan, and to support production planning experts to select the most suitable case among the derived cases.์ดˆ๋ก i ๋ชฉ์ฐจ iii 1. ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1.2 ์กฐ์„ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 5 1.3 ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 7 1.3.1 ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ๋ฆ„ 7 1.3.2 ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 19 1.4 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  31 1.5 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 32 2. ์กฐ์„ ์†Œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 34 2.1 ์„ ๋ฐ•๊ฑด์กฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 34 2.2 ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 41 2.2.1 ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ •์˜ 44 2.2.2 ์„ ํ‘œ๊ณ„ํš 51 2.2.3 ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณ„ํš 58 3. ์กฐ์„ ์†Œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 71 3.1 ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  71 3.2 ์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๋ถ„์„ 73 3.2.1 As-Is ๋ถ„์„ 73 3.2.2 To-Be ์„ค๊ณ„ 78 3.3 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ 82 3.3.1 ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ถ„์„ 82 3.3.2 ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜ ์ •์˜ 89 3.3.3 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„ 97 3.3.4 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌํ˜„ 100 3.4 ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ ์šฉ 107 4. ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 113 4.1 ๊ธฐ์กด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 113 4.1.1 ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ 115 4.1.2 ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 115 4.1.3 ํœด๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์˜์กด 116 4.2 ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ํš ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์™€ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  117 4.3 ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  119 4.3.1 ๊ฐœ์š” 119 4.3.2 ์ ์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์†Œ๊ฐœ 121 4.3.3 ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜ 124 4.3.4 ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  142 4.4 ์ค‘๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  145 4.4.1 ๊ฐœ์š” 145 4.4.2 ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•™์Šต ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 148 4.4.3 Environment ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง 152 4.4.4 ํ•™์Šต ์ผ€์ด์Šค 157 4.4.5 ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ 164 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  168 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 170๋ฐ•
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