New Fundamental Technologies in Data Mining

The progress of data mining technology and large public popularity establish a need for a comprehensive text on the subject. The series of books entitled by "Data Mining" address the need by presenting in-depth description of novel mining algorithms and many useful applications. In addition to understanding each section deeply, the two books present useful hints and strategies to solving problems in the following chapters. The contributing authors have highlighted many future research directions that will foster multi-disciplinary collaborations and hence will lead to significant development in the field of data mining

Integration of distributed terminology resources to facilitate subject cross-browsing for library portal systems

With the increase in the number of distributed library information resources, users may have to interact with different user interfaces, learn to switch their mental models between these interfaces, and familiarise themselves with controlled vocabularies used by different resources. For this reason, library professionals have developed library portals to integrate these distributed information resources, and assist end-users in cross-accessing distributed resources via a single access point in their own library. There are two important subject-based services that a library portal system might be able to provide. The first is a federated search service, which refers to a process where a user can input a query to cross-search a number of information resources. The second is a subject cross-browsing service, which can offer a knowledge navigation tree to link subject schemes used by distributed resources. However, the development of subject cross-searching and browsing services has been impeded by the heterogeneity of different KOS (Knowledge Organisation System) used by different information resources. Due to the lack of mappings between different KOS, it is impossible to offer a subject cross-browsing service for a library portal system. [Continues.

Computation in Complex Networks

Complex networks are one of the most challenging research focuses of disciplines, including physics, mathematics, biology, medicine, engineering, and computer science, among others. The interest in complex networks is increasingly growing, due to their ability to model several daily life systems, such as technology networks, the Internet, and communication, chemical, neural, social, political and financial networks. The Special Issue “Computation in Complex Networks" of Entropy offers a multidisciplinary view on how some complex systems behave, providing a collection of original and high-quality papers within the research fields of: • Community detection • Complex network modelling • Complex network analysis • Node classification • Information spreading and control • Network robustness • Social networks • Network medicin

DECODING LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT AND DIFFERENTIATION

Mammals are equipped with a complex adaptive immune system that provides them protection against foreign pathogens, toxins or allergenic agents and also tumors. B and T lymphocytes comprise critical building blocks of this system and are essential in establishing effective humoral and cellular immune responses. In this thesis, we first introduced the reader to key processes involved at multiple stages of lymphocyte development and differentiation. In the next part, we demonstrated that transition from Pro- to Pre-B cells stage during early development of B lymphocytes is exclusively dependent on the Ig heavy chain (IgHC) and not directed by a non-coding function of the Ig heavy mRNA (IgHR). We also highlighted the capacity of progenitor B cells in sensing very low amounts of IgHC, that licenses further development. Phenotypically and functionally, lymphocytes display great heterogeneity and plasticity. This cellular plasticity is accounted for by dynamic changes in their epigenetic landscape including post translational modifications of histone. Across distinct developmental and differentiation stages, the genome of a lymphocyte undergoes many of these epigenetic modifications. In subsequent sections of the thesis, we highlighted the functional significance of an epigenetic writer, DOT1L in lymphocytes biology. We demonstrated that DOT1L plays a critical role in establishing germinal center B cells, a B cell differentiation state that is closely associated with lymphoma formation. Furthermore, we showed that DOT1L prevents premature differentiation of B cells into plasma-like cells. In later part of the thesis, we provided a detailed characterization of CD8+ T lymphocytes that lack DOT1L. We demonstrated that DOT1L is a key epigenetic writer that safeguards the epigenetic identity of naïve CD8+ T lymphocytes. In absence of DOT1L, CD8+ T lymphocytes prematurely differentiate towards antigen-independent memory T cells. Apart from physiological significance, lymphocytes especially B cells also represent as a unique biological system that have programmed DNA double strand break (DSBs). These DSBs provide the basis of key processes that are related with their functionality. With their capacity of regulating DSBs repair, B cells can be used to study the role of proteins that may become involved in DSBs repair process. In next part of the thesis, with the aim to check the proposed direct role of poorly characterized protein CAAP1 in regulating apoptosis and delaying DNA double strand break (DSBs) repair, we described a new mouse model that lack CAAP1. Comprehensive analysis involving different cellular systems including B lymphocytes that lack CAAP1 we disproved the proposed role of CAAP1 and suggested that new approaches should be adopted to unravel significance of CAAP1 in biological system. At the end, we summarized and discussed key findings from the thesis and also presents an outlook for the future research

Multimedia

The nowadays ubiquitous and effortless digital data capture and processing capabilities offered by the majority of devices, lead to an unprecedented penetration of multimedia content in our everyday life. To make the most of this phenomenon, the rapidly increasing volume and usage of digitised content requires constant re-evaluation and adaptation of multimedia methodologies, in order to meet the relentless change of requirements from both the user and system perspectives. Advances in Multimedia provides readers with an overview of the ever-growing field of multimedia by bringing together various research studies and surveys from different subfields that point out such important aspects. Some of the main topics that this book deals with include: multimedia management in peer-to-peer structures & wireless networks, security characteristics in multimedia, semantic gap bridging for multimedia content and novel multimedia applications

Development of Biologically Based Therapies for Basal-like Breast Tumors

There have been many experiments on breast cancer cell lines and tumors with respect to identifying genes/pathways that are involved in cancer initiation, progression and response to therapy; however, only a few actually make suggestions that might affect treatment. The knowledge that breast cancer actually represents several diseases that arise from at least two different epithelial cells has been a major stepping-stone for stratifying patients and identifying more selective and biology-based therapies. Drugs aimed at the estrogen receptor, estrogen production, and HER2 have been very successful in the many patients whose tumors are dependent upon these signaling pathways for growth. Unfortunately for tumors that lack these markers, such as basal-like subtype, there are few treatment options. Until recently, few studies had actually considered if there were subtype-specific differences in response to chemotherapy. This dissertation focuses on the basal-like subtype of cancer and examines responses to chemotherapeutics relative to the luminal subtypes and evaluates the EGFR pathway as a place for potential therapeutic intervention. In response to two chemotherapeutics - doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil - a general stress response was the dominant profile and this profile varied both in vitro and in vivo between the subtypes. The drug-specific response was more similar in the subtypes. A predictive gene list was identified that could predict both subtype and drug treatment with fairly high accuracy suggesting some degree of subtype-specific mechanism of action. The different responses to doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil led us to evaluate sensitivity to a larger panel of drugs and cell lines and we determined that the basal-like subtype was more sensitive to carboplatin. While identification of chemotherapy regimens that are beneficial to the basal-like subtype is needed, drugs targeted to specific deregulated pathways in this subtype will be more effective in the long run. My work evaluated the EGFR pathway and determined it is high in 90% of all basal-like tumors, but I also identified high expression of genes downstream of EGFR that can induce EGFR-independent activation of this pathway. My data suggest that inhibition of MEK or PI3K, along with chemotherapeutics, may be an effective regimen for basal-like patients

Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 2023

The Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing (PSB) 2023 is an international, multidisciplinary conference for the presentation and discussion of current research in the theory and application of computational methods in problems of biological significance. Presentations are rigorously peer reviewed and are published in an archival proceedings volume. PSB 2023 will be held on January 3-7, 2023 in Kohala Coast, Hawaii. Tutorials and workshops will be offered prior to the start of the conference.PSB 2023 will bring together top researchers from the US, the Asian Pacific nations, and around the world to exchange research results and address open issues in all aspects of computational biology. It is a forum for the presentation of work in databases, algorithms, interfaces, visualization, modeling, and other computational methods, as applied to biological problems, with emphasis on applications in data-rich areas of molecular biology.The PSB has been designed to be responsive to the need for critical mass in sub-disciplines within biocomputing. For that reason, it is the only meeting whose sessions are defined dynamically each year in response to specific proposals. PSB sessions are organized by leaders of research in biocomputing's 'hot topics.' In this way, the meeting provides an early forum for serious examination of emerging methods and approaches in this rapidly changing field

Cutting tool design knowledge capture ;reuse

Cutting tools play an important part in today's manufacturing industry. There is an ever-increasing pressure on the cutting tool design industry to produce better quality products in response to the needs of the automotive and aerospace industries. Add to this the increasing complexity of the machined product requiring the use of non-standard cutting tools. The consideration of this area of cutting tool design is in recognition of the importance of the information and knowledge requirements at the beginning and during the design process. It has been noticed that in the cutting tool industry that the knowledge provision lacks structure and organisation. Understanding the knowledge requirements of the designers would provide substantial benefits to the design process. Thus, this research explores the role and extent of special purpose cutting tool design knowledge. Literature review shows there is a lack of research examining the knowledge of designers within special purpose cutting tool design. The design of a special purpose-cutting tool is a knowledge intensive task. This thesis presents a novel methodology for Knowledge Elicitation called Knowledge = Expert - Novice (KEN). KEN is a methodology requiring active participation in the design task. It is demonstrated that KEN is suitable for the capture of cutting tool design knowledge. KEN is used to examine the nature and extent of special purpose cutting tool design. It is observed that KEN provides a structured approach to the Knowledge Elicitation from an expert. An in-depth investigation of the preliminary design stage has revealed the knowledge required by special purpose cutting tool designers. This thesis presents an ontology-based framework for cutting tool design knowledge representation following a functional, structural and behavioural methodology. The knowledge is represented by base-functions, ways of achievement and design considerations organised into functional hierarchies. The ontology is validated by domain experts rating the terms within the ontology and by cases. It is observed that the ontology is a complete representation of the cutting tool design knowledge. A viewpoint of design reuse is modelled to include a set of descriptor terms and captured domain knowledge. The viewpoint is mapped onto the ontology to provide a set of generic terms. The reuse viewpoint is then implemented onto Case-Based Reasoning software to search for past designs. The reuse viewpoint is then validated using a number of case studies and user trials. It is demonstrated that the reuse viewpoint is effective for the extraction of terms from design documentation, searching for and recalling past designs.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo