82 research outputs found
An architecture for distributed ledger-based M2M auditing for Electric Autonomous Vehicles
Electric Autonomous Vehicles (EAVs) promise to be an effective way to solve
transportation issues such as accidents, emissions and congestion, and aim at
establishing the foundation of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) economy. For this to be
possible, the market should be able to offer appropriate charging services
without involving humans. The state-of-the-art mechanisms of charging and
billing do not meet this requirement, and often impose service fees for value
transactions that may also endanger users and their location privacy. This
paper aims at filling this gap and envisions a new charging architecture and a
billing framework for EAV which would enable M2M transactions via the use of
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
On M2M Micropayments : A Case Study of Electric Autonomous Vehicles
The proliferation of electric vehicles has spurred the research interest in
technologies associated with it, for instance, batteries, and charging
mechanisms. Moreover, the recent advancements in autonomous cars also encourage
the enabling technologies to integrate and provide holistic applications. To
this end, one key requirement for electric vehicles is to have an efficient,
secure, and scalable infrastructure and framework for charging, billing, and
auditing. However, the current manual charging systems for EVs may not be
applicable to the autonomous cars that demand new, automatic, secure,
efficient, and scalable billing and auditing mechanism. Owing to the
distributed systems such as blockchain technology, in this paper, we propose a
new charging and billing mechanism for electric vehicles that charge their
batteries in a charging-on-the-move fashion. To meet the requirements of
billing in electric vehicles, we leverage distributed ledger technology (DLT),
a distributed peer-to-peer technology for micro-transactions. Our
proof-of-concept implementation of the billing framework demonstrates the
feasibility of such system in electric vehicles. It is also worth noting that
the solution can easily be extended to the electric autonomous cars (EACs)
A Machine to Machine framework for the charging of Electric Autonomous Vehicles
Electric Autonomous Vehicles (EAVs) have gained increasing attention of
industry, governments and scientific communities concerned about issues related
to classic transportation including accidents and casualties, gas emissions and
air pollution, intensive traffic and city viability. One of the aspects,
however, that prevent a broader adoption of this technology is the need for
human interference to charge EAVs, which is still mostly manual and
time-consuming. This study approaches such a problem by introducing the
Inno-EAV, an open-source charging framework for EAVs that employs
machine-to-machine (M2M) distributed communication. The idea behind M2M is to
have networked devices that can interact, exchange information and perform
actions without any manual assistance of humans. The advantages of the Inno-EAV
include the automation of charging processes and the collection of relevant
data that can support better decision making in the spheres of energy
distribution. In this paper, we present the software design of the framework,
the development process, the emphasis on the distributed architecture and the
networked communication, and we discuss the back-end database that is used to
store information about car owners, cars, and charging stations
Distributed Space Traffic Management Solutions with Emerging New Space Industry
Day-to-day services, from weather forecast to logistics, rely on space-based infrastructures whose integrity is
crucial to stakeholders and end-users worldwide. Current trends point towards congestion of the near-Earth space
environment increasing at a rate greater than existing systems support, and thus demand novel cost-efficient approaches
to traffic detection, characterization, tracking, and management to ensure space remains a safe, integral part of societies
and economies worldwide. Whereas machine-learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have been extensively
proposed to address congestion and alleviate big-data problems of the future, little has been done so far to tackle the
need for transnational coordination and conflict-resolution in the context of space traffic management (STM).
In STM, there is an ever-growing need for distributing information and coordinating actions (e.g., avoidance
manoeuvres) to reduce the operational costs borne by individual entities and to decrease the latencies of actionable
responses taken upon the detection of hazardous conditions by one-to-two orders of magnitude. However, these needs
are not exclusive to STM, as evidenced by the widespread adoption of solutions to distributing, coordinating, and
automating actions in other industries such as air traffic management (ATM), where a short-range airborne collision
avoidance system (ACAS) automatically coordinates evasive manoeuvres whenever a conjunction is detected. Within
this context, this paper aims at establishing a roadmap of promising technologies (e.g., blockchain), protocols and
processes that could be adapted from different domains (railway, automotive, aerial, and maritime) to build an
integrated traffic coordination and communication architecture to simplify and harmonise stakeholders’ satellite
operations.
This paper is organised into seven sections. First, Section 1 introduces the problem of STM, highlighting its
complexity. Following this introduction, Section 2 discusses needs and requirements of various stakeholders such as
commercial operators, space situational awareness (SSA) service providers, launch-service providers, satellite and
constellation owners, governmental agencies, regulators, and insurance companies. Then, Section 3 addresses existing
gaps and challenges in STM, focusing on globally coordinated approaches. Next, Section 4 reviews technologies for
distributed, secure, and persistent communications, and proposed solutions to address some of these challenges from
non-space sectors. Thereafter, Section 5 briefly covers the history of STM proposals and presents the state-of-the-art
solution being proposed for modern STM. Following this review, Section 6 devises a step-by-step plan for exploiting
and deploying some of the identified technologies within a five-to-ten-year timeline to close several existing gaps.
Finally, Section 7 concludes the paper
Deployment of distributed ledger and decentralized technology for transition to smart industries
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