Reclasificación de los grandes taxa de Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera) desde Weld (1952) Hasta 2017: la historia de una lucha evolutiva entre el parasitoidismo y la fitofagia

Since Weld published in 1952 his study 'Cynipoidea (Hym.) 1905-1950 being a Supplement to the Dalla Torre and Kieffer monograph the Cynipidae' until 2017 many of the higher-level taxa of Cynipoidea have undergone profound variations. Most changes have been published since the 90s of the 20th century, mostly due to phylogenetic studies. The last major reclassification dates to 2015 and refers to the family Cynipidae. In this paper, the higher-level taxonomic variations that have occurred in the last 75 years and the reasons that support them are historically reviewed. Aspicerinae is considered to exclude Melanips since this genus does not include any of the synapomorphies of the subfamily, and so in this study it is considered as a genus of 'uncertain status'. We also discuss what happens with the current subfamily Figitinae. Keys are provided for the higher taxa of Cynipoidea and historical biogeographical data from different authors are given

Révision du genre <i>Amphithectus</i> Hartig, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae: Figitinae), avec la description de <i>Amphithectus coriaceus</i> n. sp.

Le genre Amphithectus Hartig, 1840 est révisé et différencié de Sarothrus Hartig, 1840. L’espèce type Amphithectus areolatus Hartig, 1840 est redécrite et Amphithectus coriaceus n. sp. est décrite. Cette nouvelle espèce est la première depuis la description de l’espèce type en 1840. Amphithectus coriaceus n. sp. est caractérisée par de fines sculptures présentes sur la tête et le mésoscutum. Les deux espèces sont entièrement illustrées par des images obtenues par Microscope Électronique à Balayage.The genus Amphithectus Hartig, 1840 is reviewed and differentiated from Sarothrus Hartig, 1840. The type species Amphithectus areolatus Hartig, 1840 is redescribed and a new species, Amphithectus coriaceus n. sp., is described. This new species is the first Amphithectus species described since the description of the type species in 1840. Amphithectus coriaceus n. sp. is characterised by having fine coriaceous sculpture in the head and mesoscutum. Both species are fully illustrated with SEM pictures.</p

The identity of figitid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) of anthomyiid flies in conifer cones

Larvae of Strobilomyia flies (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) are serious pests in conifer-seed orchards because they feed on the seed inside the cones. Figitid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) of Strobilomyia larvae in conifer cones are commonly reported but under various generic names. It is argued here that, across the entire Holarctic region, these figitids belong to Amphithectus and perhaps also to Sarothrus (Figitinae), but not to Melanips (Aspicerinae), contrary to some reports. We conclude that the identity of the commonly found figitid associated with conifer cones (Larix and Picea) in Europe and Asia is Amphithectus austriacus (Tavares, 1928) comb. n. This is most likely considering the original description and the host association, although the type specimen of Seitneria austriaca Tavares, 1928 is lost. This species name takes priority over the recently described Amphithectus coriaceus Paretas-Martinez & Pujade-Villar, 2013. Seitneria Tavares, 1928 becomes a new junior synonym of Amphithectus Hartig, 1840, and Amphithectus coriaceus Paretas-Martinez & Pujade-Villar, 2013 becomes a new synonym of Amphithectus austriacus (Tavares, 1928) comb. n

Review of<i>Amphithectus</i>Hartig, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae: Figitinae), with description<i>of Amphithectus coriaceus</i>n. sp.

Paretas-Martínez, Jordi, Pujade-Villar, Juli (2013): Review of Amphithectus Hartig, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae: Figitinae), with description of Amphithectus coriaceus n. sp. Zoosystema 35 (2): 183-194, DOI: 10.5252/z2013n2a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2013n2a

The identity of figitid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) of anthomyiid flies in conifer cones

Larvae of Strobilomyia flies (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) are serious pests in conifer-seed orchards because they feed on the seed inside the cones. Figitid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) of Strobilomyia larvae in conifer cones are commonly reported but under various generic names. It is argued here that, across the entire Holarctic region, these figitids belong to Amphithectus and perhaps also to Sarothrus (Figitinae), but not to Melanips (Aspicerinae), contrary to some reports. We conclude that the identity of the commonly found figitid associated with conifer cones (Larix and Picea) in Europe and Asia is Amphithectus austriacus (Tavares, 1928) comb. n. This is most likely considering the original description and the host association, although the type specimen of Seitneria austriaca Tavares, 1928 is lost. This species name takes priority over the recently described Amphithectus coriaceus Paretas-Martinez &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2013. Seitneria Tavares, 1928 becomes a new junior synonym of Amphithectus Hartig, 1840, and Amphithectus coriaceus Paretas-Martinez &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2013 becomes a new synonym of Amphithectus austriacus (Tavares, 1928) comb. n

Checklists of the Ceraphronoidea, Cynipoidea, Evanioidea, Stephanoidea and Trigonalyoidea (Hymenoptera) of Canada, Alaska and Greenland

Distributional checklists of the extant, described species of five superfamilies of Hymenoptera of Canada, Alaska and Greenland are presented. In total, 296 species in 79 genera in 12 families are recorded: 55 species of Ceraphronoidea, classified in 10 genera in 2 families, 205 species of Cynipoidea in 58 genera in 5 families, 30 species of Evanioidea in 5 genera in 3 families of Evanioidea, 2 species of Stephanoidea in 2 genera in 1 family and 4 species of Trigonalyoidea in 4 genera in 1 family. Of the reported species, 281 (in 79 genera in 12 families) are listed from Canada, 31 (in 16 genera in 6 families) from Alaska, and 7 (in 5 genera in 2 families) from Greenland. The list includes 8 new generic records for Canada (1 Ceraphronoidea, 6 Cynipoidea and 1 Evanioidea) and 43 new Canadian species records (13 Ceraphronoidea, 28 Cynipoidea and 2 Evanioidea). For each species in Canada, distribution is tabulated by province or territory, except the province of Newfoundland and Labrador is divided into the island of Newfoundland and the region of Labrador. These checklists are compared with previous Nearctic and Palaearctic surveys, checklists and catalogues. Kleidotoma minima Provancher, 1883 (Figitidae) is moved from this genus to Hexacola Förster, 1869 to form H. minimum (Provancher, 1883), comb. nov. Amblynotus slossonae Crawford, 1917 (Figitidae) is moved from Melanips Walker, 1835 to Amphithectus Hartig, 1840 forming A. slossonae (Crawford, 1917), comb. nov.