Infant and child oral health risk status correlated to behavioral habits of parents or caregivers: a survey in central Italy

Aim: The aim of this survey was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of parents and caregivers about potential oral health risk factors for their children in their first months of life (3–30 months). Materials and Methods: The participation to the survey was proposed to all parents or caregivers of children attending the public consulting service in Latina for mandatory vaccinations during the period of June to August 2014. A self-administered questionnaire was completed to obtain information regarding demographic variables, infant feeding practice, maternal oral health during and after pregnancy, children’s oral hygiene habits and risk behaviors (e.g., sharing cutlery, tasting of baby food, nightly using of baby bottles with sugared beverages, or sugared pacifier), and knowledge about caries and its transmission. The analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 14.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The variance analysis and chi-square test were used to investigate the relationship between the variables. Results: Overall, the parents of 304 children consented to fill the questionnaire. Data analysis showed that about 50% of respondents considered dental caries an infectious disease, however, 53.6% was not aware of the potential vertical transmissibility of cariogenic bacteria through contaminated saliva. It is a common trend in the early stages of weaning to taste the baby food (53%) and sharing cutlery (38.5%). With regard to children oral health care, parents reported no toothbrushing for 53.1% of the children in their first 3 years of life. The relationship between the two variables concerning caries transmissibility and tools sharing carried out on through Pearson chi-square test identified P = 0.32. Conclusions: From this survey, the need for parental oral health promoting program emerged to control children oral health risk status

Urban air pollution and health inequities: a workshop report.

Over the past three decades, an array of legislation with attendant regulations has been implemented to enhance the quality of the environment and thereby improve the public's health. Despite the many beneficial changes that have followed, there remains a disproportionately higher prevalence of harmful environmental exposures, particularly air pollution, for certain populations. These populations most often reside in urban settings, have low socioeconomic status, and include a large proportion of ethnic minorities. The disparities between racial/ethnic minority and/or low-income populations in cities and the general population in terms of environmental exposures and related health risks have prompted the "environmental justice" or "environmental equity" movement, which strives to create cleaner environments for the most polluted communities. Achieving cleaner environments will require interventions based on scientific data specific to the populations at risk; however, research in this area has been relatively limited. To assess the current scientific information on urban air pollution and its health impacts and to help set the agenda for immediate intervention and future research, the American Lung Association organized an invited workshop on Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities held 22-24 October 1999 in Washington, DC. This report builds on literature reviews and summarizes the discussions of working groups charged with addressing key areas relevant to air pollution and health effects in urban environments. An overview was provided of the state of the science for health impacts of air pollution and technologies available for air quality monitoring and exposure assessment. The working groups then prioritized research needs to address the knowledge gaps and developed recommendations for community interventions and public policy to begin to remedy the exposure and health inequities

Becoming American: The Hmong American Experience

Hmong Americans, who came from a pre-literate society and rural background, went through many acculturation barriers and have had many successes between the time they first arrived in 1975 and the year 2000. Their first decade was preoccupied with their struggle to overcome cultural shock and acculturation difficulties. The second decade is their turning point to be new Americans, beginning to run for political office, establish business enterprises, achieve in education, and reduce their high rate of unemployment and welfare participation. Hmong Americans in 2000 appeared to have achieved much, yet have some serious challenges still ahead

Displacing and Disrupting: A Dialogue on Hmong Studies and Asian American Studies

This article summarizes a roundtable discussion of scholars that took place at the Association for Asian American Studies Conference in San Francisco, 2014. Hailing from various academic disciplines, the participants explored the relationship between the emerging field of Hmong/Hmong American Studies and Asian American Studies. Questions of interest included: In what ways has Asian American Studies informed Hmong/Hmong American Studies, or failed to do so? In what ways does Hmong/Hmong American Studies enrich/challenge Asian American Studies? What are the tensions between these two fields and other related fields? How do/should the new programs in Hmong/Hmong American Studies relate to the existing Asian American Studies programs regarding curriculum, activism and/or resource allocation

American Shad

American shad populations are in serious decline along the Atlantic Coast. By restoring American shad we can protect rivers and coastal ecosystems where shad provide a crucial source of food to other wildlife including striped bass, bluefish, shorebirds, and marine mammals. At the same time, we can revive a favorite sport fish and a prized delicacy

SALT Equalizer, Vol. 2010, Issue 1

Contents of This Issue: Raquel Aldana & Steven W. Bender, Co-Presidents’ Column, at 1. Hazel Weiser, Executive Director’s Colum, at 1. Ngai Pindell, December SALT Teaching Conference Promises Exciting Visions of the Law School of the Future, at 4. Ruben Garcia, New Law Teachers Pipeline Committee Launches with San Francisco Event, at 4. Angela Onwuachi-Willig, The New SALT Blog: SALT Members Speak Out, at 5. Doug Colbert, SALT Forms New Access to Justice Committee, at 6. Karla McKanders, Human Rights Committee Report, at 7. Jackie Gardina, LGBT Committee Report, at 8. Bryan Adamson, Affirmative Action Committee Report, at 9. Robert Dinerstein, Judicial/Governmental Nominations Committee Report, at 9. Andi Curcio, Issues in Legal Education Committee Report, at 10. Deborah Waire Post, Academic Freedom Committee Report: “Qualified Immunity…Is Not a Parachute to be Deployed Only When the Plane Has Run Out of Fuel,” at 11. Imran Siddiqui, 2010 Cover Retreat Inspires, Encourages, at 12. Steven W. Bender, 2010 Trino Grillo Retreat Reminds Participants: “Happiness is Living in Alliance With Your Own Principles,” at 12. Ruben Garcia, Annual Dinner in New Orleans a Rousing Success; On to San Francisco, at 14. Olympia Duhart, Membership Makes It Possible for Us to Meet Our Mission, at 14. Hazel Weiser, “Sowing the Seeds of Justice:” Thanks for a Great Sneak Preview!, at 16. Nancy Cook, SALT Members and Friends Provide a Day of Service in New Orleans, at 18. About SALT, at 19

SALT Equalizer, Vol. 2016, Issue 1

Contents of This Issue: Survey Information and Methodology, at 1. 2015-16 SALT Salary Survey, at 1. About SALT and SALT Membership, at 3. Survey Instrument, at 4. SALT Salary Survey 2015-2016, at 5