61,602 research outputs found
Quantifying Resource Use in Computations
It is currently not possible to quantify the resources needed to perform a
computation. As a consequence, it is not possible to reliably evaluate the
hardware resources needed for the application of algorithms or the running of
programs. This is apparent in both computer science, for instance, in
cryptanalysis, and in neuroscience, for instance, comparative neuro-anatomy. A
System versus Environment game formalism is proposed based on Computability
Logic that allows to define a computational work function that describes the
theoretical and physical resources needed to perform any purely algorithmic
computation. Within this formalism, the cost of a computation is defined as the
sum of information storage over the steps of the computation. The size of the
computational device, eg, the action table of a Universal Turing Machine, the
number of transistors in silicon, or the number and complexity of synapses in a
neural net, is explicitly included in the computational cost. The proposed cost
function leads in a natural way to known computational trade-offs and can be
used to estimate the computational capacity of real silicon hardware and neural
nets. The theory is applied to a historical case of 56 bit DES key recovery, as
an example of application to cryptanalysis. Furthermore, the relative
computational capacities of human brain neurons and the C. elegans nervous
system are estimated as an example of application to neural nets.Comment: 26 pages, no figure
Current Density Imaging through Acoustically Encoded Magnetometry: A Theoretical Exploration
The problem of determining a current density confined to a volume from
measurements of the magnetic field it produces exterior to that volume is known
to have non-unique solutions. To uniquely determine the current density, or the
non-silent components of it, additional spatial encoding of the electric
current is needed. In biological systems such as the brain and heart, which
generate electric current associated with normal function, a reliable means of
generating such additional encoding, on a spatial and temporal scale meaningful
to the study of such systems, would be a boon for research. This paper explores
a speculative method by which the required additional encoding might be
accomplished, on the time scale associated with the propagation of sound across
the volume of interest, by means of the application of a radially encoding
pulsed acoustic spherical wave
Asimov's Coming Back
Ever since the word ‘ROBOT’ first appeared in a science\ud
fiction in 1921, scientists and engineers have been trying\ud
different ways to create it. Present technologies in\ud
mechanical and electrical engineering makes it possible\ud
to have robots in such places as industrial manufacturing\ud
and assembling lines. Although they are\ud
essentially robotic arms or similarly driven by electrical\ud
power and signal control, they could be treated the\ud
primitive pioneers in application. Researches in the\ud
laboratories go much further. Interdisciplines are\ud
directing the evolution of more advanced robots. Among these are artificial\ud
intelligence, computational neuroscience, mathematics and robotics. These disciplines\ud
come closer as more complex problems emerge.\ud
From a robot’s point of view, three basic abilities are needed. They are thinking\ud
and memory, sensory perceptions, control and behaving. These are capabilities we\ud
human beings have to adapt ourselves to the environment. Although\ud
researches on robots, especially on intelligent thinking, progress slowly, a revolution\ud
for biological inspired robotics is spreading out in the laboratories all over the world
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