4,625 research outputs found
Reviewing the integration of patient data: how systems are evolving in practice to meet patient needs
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The integration of Information Systems (IS) is essential to support shared care and to provide consistent care to individuals â patient-centred care. This paper identifies, appraises and summarises studies examining different approaches to integrate patient data from heterogeneous IS.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The literature was systematically reviewed between 1995â2005 to identify articles mentioning patient records, computers and data integration or sharing.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of 3124 articles, 84 were included describing 56 distinct projects. Most of the projects were on a regional scale. Integration was most commonly accomplished by messaging with pre-defined templates and middleware solutions. HL7 was the most widely used messaging standard. Direct database access and web services were the most common communication methods. The user interface for most systems was a Web browser. Regarding the type of medical data shared, 77% of projects integrated diagnosis and problems, 67% medical images and 65% lab results. More recently significantly more IS are extending to primary care and integrating referral letters.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It is clear that Information Systems are evolving to meet people's needs by implementing regional networks, allowing patient access and integration of ever more items of patient data. Many distinct technological solutions coexist to integrate patient data, using differing standards and data architectures which may difficult further interoperability.</p
A Conceptual Framework for Mobile Learning
Several technology projects have been launched to explore the opportunities that mobile technologies bring about when tackling issues of democratic participation and social inclusion through mobile learning. Mobile devices are cheaper than for instance a PC, and their affordance, usability and accessibility are such that they can potentially complement or even replace traditional computer technology. The importance of communication and collaboration features of mobile technologies has been stressed in the framework of ICT-mediated learning. In this paper, a theoretical framework for mobile learning and e-inclusion is developed for people outside the conventional education system. The framework draws upon the fields of pedagogy (constructivist learning in particular), mobile learning objects and sociology.Mobile Learning, Digital Divide, Constructivist Pedagogy, Forms Of Capital
Towards personalized diagnosis of Glioblastoma in Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) by topological interpretable machine learning
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fast-growing and highly invasive brain
tumour, it tends to occur in adults between the ages of 45 and 70 and it
accounts for 52 percent of all primary brain tumours. Usually, GBMs are
detected by magnetic resonance images (MRI). Among MRI, Fluid-attenuated
inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence produces high quality digital tumour
representation. Fast detection and segmentation techniques are needed for
overcoming subjective medical doctors (MDs) judgment. In the present
investigation, we intend to demonstrate by means of numerical experiments that
topological features combined with textural features can be enrolled for GBM
analysis and morphological characterization on FLAIR. To this extent, we have
performed three numerical experiments. In the first experiment, Topological
Data Analysis (TDA) of a simplified 2D tumour growth mathematical model had
allowed to understand the bio-chemical conditions that facilitate tumour
growth: the higher the concentration of chemical nutrients the more virulent
the process. In the second experiment topological data analysis was used for
evaluating GBM temporal progression on FLAIR recorded within 90 days following
treatment (e.g., chemo-radiation therapy - CRT) completion and at progression.
The experiment had confirmed that persistent entropy is a viable statistics for
monitoring GBM evolution during the follow-up period. In the third experiment
we had developed a novel methodology based on topological and textural features
and automatic interpretable machine learning for automatic GBM classification
on FLAIR. The algorithm reached a classification accuracy up to the 97%.Comment: 22 pages; 16 figure
Clinical foundations and information architecture for the implementation of a federated health record service
Clinical care increasingly requires healthcare professionals to access patient record information that
may be distributed across multiple sites, held in a variety of paper and electronic formats, and
represented as mixtures of narrative, structured, coded and multi-media entries. A longitudinal
person-centred electronic health record (EHR) is a much-anticipated solution to this problem, but
its realisation is proving to be a long and complex journey.
This Thesis explores the history and evolution of clinical information systems, and establishes a set
of clinical and ethico-legal requirements for a generic EHR server. A federation approach (FHR) to
harmonising distributed heterogeneous electronic clinical databases is advocated as the basis for
meeting these requirements.
A set of information models and middleware services, needed to implement a Federated Health
Record server, are then described, thereby supporting access by clinical applications to a distributed
set of feeder systems holding patient record information. The overall information architecture thus
defined provides a generic means of combining such feeder system data to create a virtual
electronic health record. Active collaboration in a wide range of clinical contexts, across the whole
of Europe, has been central to the evolution of the approach taken.
A federated health record server based on this architecture has been implemented by the author
and colleagues and deployed in a live clinical environment in the Department of Cardiovascular
Medicine at the Whittington Hospital in North London. This implementation experience has fed
back into the conceptual development of the approach and has provided "proof-of-concept"
verification of its completeness and practical utility.
This research has benefited from collaboration with a wide range of healthcare sites, informatics
organisations and industry across Europe though several EU Health Telematics projects: GEHR,
Synapses, EHCR-SupA, SynEx, Medicate and 6WINIT.
The information models published here have been placed in the public domain and have
substantially contributed to two generations of CEN health informatics standards, including CEN
TC/251 ENV 13606
Architecting a System Model for Personalized Healthcare Delivery and Managed Individual Health Outcomes
In recent years, healthcare needs have shifted from treating acute conditions to meeting an unprecedented chronic disease burden. The healthcare delivery system has structurally evolved to address two primary features of acute care: the relatively short time period, on the order of a patient encounter, and the siloed focus on organs or organ systems, thereby operationally fragmenting and providing care by organ specialty. Much more so than acute conditions, chronic disease involves multiple health factors with complex interactions between them over a prolonged period of time necessitating a healthcare delivery model that is personalized to achieve individual health outcomes. Using the current acute-based healthcare delivery system to address and provide care to patients with chronic disease has led to significant complexity in the healthcare delivery system. This presents a formidable systemsâ challenge where the state of the healthcare delivery system must be coordinated over many years or decades with the health state of each individual that seeks care for their chronic conditions. This paper architects a system model for personalized healthcare delivery and managed individual health outcomes. To ground the discussion, the work builds upon recent structural analysis of mass-customized production systems as an analogous system and then highlights the stochastic evolution of an individualâs health state as a key distinguishing feature
Pharmacist âintelligentâ referrals to a liaison psychiatry team
Antipsychotic medications are associated with an increased risk of falls, delirium and cerebrovascular events; and all can cause death (1-7). It is crucial that patients prescribed these agents receive regular specialist review to optimise therapy and prevent harm (8, 9). When antipsychotic prescribing in an acute hospital was investigated, it was found that only a third of patients on these agents were reviewed by the hospitals psychiatry team (8, 10, 11). A novel pharmacist referral system was developed to establish whether pharmacy could help improve patientâs access to psychiatric services to facilitate medication review. 345 patients (44%, n=345) were reviewed by a pharmacist and 152 (44%) referrals made. Nearly half (n=69, 20%) of the referrals were generated by a pharmacist using the newly implemented system. Pharmacy referrals focussedon medication safety, this was different to those generated by medical staff whose emphasis was on symptoms and behaviour. In addition to referrals the pharmacists were found to have a clinical impact on patient care in an additional 91 (26%) patients. The adverse consequences (ADRs) of antipsychotics were implicated in 45 patient admissions, confirming the real potential for patient harm. The pharmacist referral system identified the majority (n=39, 87%) of the ADRs. Following psychiatry review, 69% (n=31) of patientâs medication was adjusted following mental health assessment where both the patientâs mental and physical health needs were considered. The pharmacy referral service was found to enhance the clinical management of the vulnerable mental health patient in the hospital setting. It was an alternative to the traditional model of pharmacy in which clinical pharmacy services were targeted according to patient need rather than by physical ward location. Although, the model was demonstrated in mental health, it is felt that it could have a wider use according to the prescription of any high-risk medication
Big data analytics for preventive medicine
© 2019, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature. Medical data is one of the most rewarding and yet most complicated data to analyze. How can healthcare providers use modern data analytics tools and technologies to analyze and create value from complex data? Data analytics, with its promise to efficiently discover valuable pattern by analyzing large amount of unstructured, heterogeneous, non-standard and incomplete healthcare data. It does not only forecast but also helps in decision making and is increasingly noticed as breakthrough in ongoing advancement with the goal is to improve the quality of patient care and reduces the healthcare cost. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive and structured overview of extensive research on the advancement of data analytics methods for disease prevention. This review first introduces disease prevention and its challenges followed by traditional prevention methodologies. We summarize state-of-the-art data analytics algorithms used for classification of disease, clustering (unusually high incidence of a particular disease), anomalies detection (detection of disease) and association as well as their respective advantages, drawbacks and guidelines for selection of specific model followed by discussion on recent development and successful application of disease prevention methods. The article concludes with open research challenges and recommendations
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