Structure of almost diagonal matrices

Classical and recent results on almost diagonal matrices are presented. These results measure the absolute and the relative distance between diagonal elements and the appropriate eigenvalues or singular values, and in case of multiple eigenvalues or singular values, reveal special structure in matrices. Simple MATLAB programs serve to illustrate how good the theoretical estimates are

Accurate computation of singular values and eigenvalues of symmetric matrices

We give the review of recent results in relative perturbation theory for eigenvalue and singular value problems and highly accurate algorithms which compute eigenvalues and singular values to the highest possible relative accuracy

Block diagonalization of nearly diagonal matrices

In this paper we study the effect of block diagonalization of a nearly diagonal matrix by iterating the related Riccati equations. We show that the iteration is fast, if a matrix is diagonally dominant or scaled diagonally dominant and the block partition follows an appropriately defined spectral gap. We also show that both kinds of diagonal dominance are not destroyed after the block diagonalization

Accurate and Efficient Expression Evaluation and Linear Algebra

We survey and unify recent results on the existence of accurate algorithms for evaluating multivariate polynomials, and more generally for accurate numerical linear algebra with structured matrices. By "accurate" we mean that the computed answer has relative error less than 1, i.e., has some correct leading digits. We also address efficiency, by which we mean algorithms that run in polynomial time in the size of the input. Our results will depend strongly on the model of arithmetic: Most of our results will use the so-called Traditional Model (TM). We give a set of necessary and sufficient conditions to decide whether a high accuracy algorithm exists in the TM, and describe progress toward a decision procedure that will take any problem and provide either a high accuracy algorithm or a proof that none exists. When no accurate algorithm exists in the TM, it is natural to extend the set of available accurate operations by a library of additional operations, such as $x+y+z$, dot products, or indeed any enumerable set which could then be used to build further accurate algorithms. We show how our accurate algorithms and decision procedure for finding them extend to this case. Finally, we address other models of arithmetic, and the relationship between (im)possibility in the TM and (in)efficient algorithms operating on numbers represented as bit strings.Comment: 49 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl