Innovative Drug Delivery and Formulation Designs To Deter Drug Abuse/Misuse Related To Suicide

Patients with a history of abuse/misuse of pain and psychotic medications are at high risk for suicide. Novel drug delivery and formulation approaches have been explored to reduce the potential of drug abuse/misuse and to improve patient compliance. This chapter reviews the design and mechanism of five successful products in the opioid and anti-psychotic categories. Embeda™ is an extended release capsule containing morphine pellets with a sequestered core of naltrexone; naltrexone acts as an aversive agent and is released only when the product is crushed. Remoxy® is an extended release oxycodone capsule with a highly viscous liquid fill content which is resistant to most common methods of tampering. Suboxone® is a sublingual tablet or film strip of buprenorphine with naloxone as an aversive agent; naloxone has poor sublingual/oral bioavailability and does not exert its activity unless the product is abused by the injectable route. Risperidal® Consta®, is a biweekly intramuscular injection of risperidone based on a biodegradable polymer microsphere technology. Invega® Sustenna® is a once-monthly intramuscular injection of paliperidone based on the water insoluble prodrug approach. The review of these five new drug products showcases the novel formulation tools and technologies available to deter drug abuse/misuse in patients who are at high risk of suicide

Lessons for future public policy and research

Public policy ; Welfare

Do Health and Longevity Create Wealth?

Health, of course, is vital for productivity and quality of life, and it is understood that as society accumulates more wealth it can provide better health benefits for its people. But health as a driver of the economy is a relatively new concept within scholarly and economics studies. In recent years, many of the foremost schools of economic thought have come to recognize health as a critical driver of the economy

Financial Structure: An International Persepective

macroeconomics, financial structure

Challenges in Managing the New Diverse Labor Force

Among the purposes of this chapter is (1) to examine past and present statuses of demographic groups who earlier suffered discrimination in employment but who today are legally protected. Our purpose is then (2) to appraise the issue of perceptions of fairness and equality, and next (3) to discuss problems still existing in the labor market in achieving “equality” under the law. Finally (4) we will offer some proposals for meeting still existing shortcomings. Because space requirements prohibit a discussion of all these groups, we are focusing on two of the largest: women and African-Americans

Washington University Record, February 3, 1994

https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/record/1641/thumbnail.jp

Energy R&D in private and state-owned utilities: an analysis of the major world electric companies

The last two decades have witnessed a staggering decline of R&D investment in the fields of energy and electricity. This paper contends that this widespread phenomenon is mainly ascribable to the processes of liberalisation and privatisation of electricity markets which have induced electric utilities to dramatically reduce R&D expenditures. However, a closer inspection to recent data concerned with ten major electric companies of the world shows that not all of them behaved in the same way. The drop of research expenditures was particularly strong among the private or newly-privatised companies, while those that remained under public control did not reduce R&D efforts. Moreover, the choice of maintaining an adequate level of R&D was not at odds with the goal of increasing company profits. According to these findings and to the widely recognised need of a surge of energy R&D, radical policy measures seem necessary. Along with an R&D obligation for private electric utilities, also an extension of public ownership or the introduction of public-private partnerships should be seriously taken into account.Energy R&D; Electric utilities; Public and private enterprises